目的 针对大型仿古青铜方鼎自重大、重心高及易损部位突出,导致其在运输与装卸作业中易受冲击损坏的问题,设计防护包装并验证其可靠性。方法 基于有限元仿真的现代缓冲包装设计方法,首先,通过瞬态结构仿真确定方鼎脆值;提出“鼎-垫-板”集成化承载结构设计理念,利用背板实现载荷均化与足部悬空保护,并将缓冲衬垫与移运底座整合为预组装模块,降低装箱过程中的人工接触风险;其次,使用Creo构建包装件模型,基于Workbench开展面、棱、角三工况跌落仿真,结合实物跌落试验验证防护效能。结果 该承载结构降低了搬运过程中人工接触方鼎造成损伤的风险,仿真与试验结果表明,在跌落高度为300 mm时,产品在角跌落工况下的最大响应加速度为31.2g,小于脆值83.2,包装件结构完整,方鼎无变形等损伤。结论 本文设计的鼎-垫-板集成化承载结构具有较好的缓冲效果,可有效降低作业风险并优化装箱作业流程。该研究也可为文物的物流包装方案提供借鉴。
Abstract
The work aims to design a protective packaging system and verify its reliability, to address the risks of damage caused by transportation impacts and improper manual handling of large-scale antique bronze square cauldrons. Firstly, the modern packaging design methodology based on Finite Element Analysis was adopted, and the critical fragility value of the square cauldron was determined via transient dynamics simulation. Secondly, an innovative "Cauldron- Cushion-Backplate" integrated load-bearing structure was proposed. This design utilized a backplate with bosses to suspend the fragile feet and integrated the inner cushioning with the transport base into a pre-assembled module, thereby minimizing manual contact risks during packing. Finally, Creo was employed to construct the packaging model and drop simulations (face, edge, and corner) were conducted through Workbench, and validated by physical drop tests. The integrated structure effectively mitigated the risk of damage caused by manual contact during handling. At a 300 mm drop height, the maximum response acceleration of the product was 31.2g, which was significantly lower than the critical fragility value of 83.2. The packaging system remained intact, and the square cauldron sustained no deformation or damage. The proposed "Cauldron-Cushion-Backplate" integrated load-bearing structure exhibits excellent cushioning performance. It effectively reduces operational risks and optimizes the packaging process, providing a reference for logistics packaging solutions for cultural artifacts.
关键词
仿古青铜方鼎 /
缓冲包装系统 /
跌落仿真 /
跌落试验
Key words
antique bronze square cauldron /
cushioning packaging system /
drop simulation /
drop test
{{custom_sec.title}}
{{custom_sec.title}}
{{custom_sec.content}}
参考文献
[1] 林静怡. 宋元仿古铜器探究[D]. 西安: 西安美术学院, 2019.
LIN J Y.Study of the Antique-Style Copper in Song-Yuan[D]. Xi'an: Xi'an Academy of Fine Arts, 2019.
[2] 赵勇. 安阳仿古青铜器包装创新研究[J]. 黑龙江科技信息, 2013(27): 89-90.
ZHAO Y.Research on Innovation of Antique Bronze Packaging in Anyang[J]. Heilongjiang Science and Technology Information, 2013(27): 89-90.
[3] 刘彦琪. 薄壁残缺青铜器的补全工艺研究[J]. 文物修复与研究, 2016(3): 127-132.
LIU Y Q.Research on the completion Process of Thin-Walled Mutilated Bronzes[J]. Restoration and research of cultural relics, 2016(3): 127-132.
[4] 谢涛. 彭州窖藏出土宋代仿古青铜器的初步认识[J]. 四川文物, 2007(1): 77-82.
XIE T.Preliminary Understanding of Antique Bronze Wares of Song Dynasty Unearthed in Pengzhou Cellar[J]. Sichuan Cultural Relics, 2007(1): 77-82.
[5] 曲亮, 高飞, 刘建宇, 等. 现代科技与传统技艺结合的金属文物保护修复研究——以故宫博物院藏辽代金属面具为例[J]. 博物院, 2018(2): 119-127.
QU L, GAO F, LIU J Y, et al.Study of Metal Artifacts Reparation Using Modern Technology and Traditional Technology: Taking Liao Dynasty Metal Mask in the Palace Museum as an Example[J]. Museum, 2018(2): 119-127.
[6] 李艺佳, 姚尧. 逆向建模技术在青铜文物修复上的应用——以仿古中山王鼎为例[J]. 东方收藏, 2024(9): 52-54.
LI Y J, YAO Y.Application of Reverse Modeling Technology in the Restoration of Bronze Cultural Relics: A Case Study of the Replica Zhongshan King Ding[J]. Oriental Collection, 2024(9): 52-54.
[7] SONG L M, LI X Y, YANG Y G, et al.Structured-Light Based 3D Reconstruction System for Cultural Relic Packaging[J]. Sensors, 2018, 18(9): 2981.
[8] 王钊杰. 基于ANSYS的组合结构缓冲包装缓冲性能试验与仿真模拟分析[D]. 兰州: 兰州交通大学, 2023.
WANG Z J.Test and Simulation Analysis of Cushioning Performance of Composite Structural Cushioning Materials Based on ANSYS[D]. Lanzhou: Lanzhou Jiatong University, 2023.
[9] Kim W J.Smart Phone Display Drop Simulation and Design. Journal of the Korean Society of Industry Convergence, 2019, 22(3), 55-63.
[10] SIRIMAMILLA A, YE H, WU Y N.Phenomenological Modeling of Carpeted Surface for Drop Simulation of Portable Electronics[J]. Journal of Electronic Packaging, 2019, 141(2): 021006.
[11] 孙德强, 宋雅玲, 王力, 等. 真空平板玻璃托盘集装包装系统设计与跌落测试验证[J]. 包装工程, 2024, 45(7): 274-280.
SUN D Q, SONG Y L, WANG L, et al.Design and Drop Tests of the Pallet Unit Load Packaging System for Vacuum Flat Glass Sheets[J]. Packaging Engineering, 2024, 45(7): 274-280.
[12] 宋畅, 范正炼, 马荣鑫, 等. 基于跌落仿真的集成灶包装优化设计[J]. 包装工程, 2024, 45(19): 283-290.
SONG C, FAN Z L, MA R X, et al.Optimization Design of Integrated Stove Packaging Based on Drop Simulation[J]. Packaging Engineering, 2024, 45(19): 283-290.
[13] 朱磊, 颜波, 卿立勇, 等. 基于Hyperwork仿真优化产品及包装结构的研究[C]// 中国家用电器协会, 合肥, 2024: 193-198.
ZHU L, YAN B, QING L Y, et al.Research on Optimizing Product and Packaging Structure Based on Hyperwork Simulation[C]// China Household Electrical Appliances Association, Hefei, 2024: 193-198.
[14] 门群英, 夏凯, 康玉勋, 等. 空调器室外机跌落仿真分析及包装结构优化[J]. 制冷与空调, 2024, 24(9): 61-65.
MEN Q Y, XIA K, KANG Y X, et al.Dropping Simulation on Outdoor Unit of Air Conditioner and Packaging Structure Optimization[J]. Refrigeration and Air-Conditioning, 2024, 24(9): 61-65.
[15] 徐炜峰, 梅硕, 魏来, 等. 军用载物箱跌落姿态行为仿真研究[J]. 天津科技, 2023, 50(7): 62-67.
XU W F, MEI S, WEI L, et al.Simulation Research on Drop Attitude of Military Cargo Box[J]. Tianjin Science & Technology, 2023, 50(7): 62-67.
[16] 国家市场监督管理总局, 国家标准化管理委员会. 金属材料拉伸试验第1部分: 室温试验方法: GB/T 228.1—2021[S]. 北京: 中国标准出版社, 2021.
State Administration for Market Regulation, Standardization Administration of the People's Republic of China. Metallic Materials—Tensile Testing: Part 1: Method of Test at Room Temperature: GB/T 228.1-2021[S]. Beijing: Standards Press of China, 2021.
[17] ASTM International. Standard Test Methods for Mechanical-Shock Fragility of Products, Using Shock Machines: ASTM D3332-99(2016)[S]. West Conshohocken, PA: ASTM International, 2016.
[18] 国家市场监督管理总局, 国家标准化管理委员会. 硬质泡沫塑料压缩性能的测定: GB/T 8813—2020[S]. 北京: 中国标准出版社, 2020.
State Administration for Market Regulation, Standardization Administration of the People's Republic of China. Rigid Cellular Plastics—Determination of Compression Properties: GB/T 8813-2020[S]. Beijing: Standards Press of China, 2020.
[19] ŁAGODA K, KUREK A, ŁAGODA T, et al.Cracking of Thick-Walled Fiber Composites during Bending Tests[J]. Theoretical and Applied Fracture Mechanics, 2019, 101: 46-52.
[20] 国家市场监督管理总局, 国家标准化管理委员会. 无疵小试样木材物理力学性质试验方法第10部分:抗弯弹性模量测定: GB/T 1927.10—2021[S]. 北京: 中国标准出版社, 2021.
State Administration for Market Regulation, Standardization Administration of the People's Republic of China. Test Methods for Physical and Mechanical Properties of Small Clear Wood Specimens: Part 10: Determination of Modulus of Elasticity in Bending: GB/T 1927.10-2021[S]. Beijing: Standards Press of China, 2021.
[21] 国家市场监督管理总局, 国家标准化管理委员会. 人造板及饰面人造板理化性能试验方法: GB/T 17657—2022[S]. 北京: 中国标准出版社, 2022.
State Administration for Market Regulation, Standardization Administration of the People's Republic of China. Test Methods of Evaluating the Properties of Wood-Based Panels and Surface Decorated Wood-Based Panels: GB/T 17657-2022[S]. Beijing: Standards Press of China, 2022.
[22] 国家质量监督检验检疫总局, 中国国家标准化管理委员会. 塑料拉伸性能的测定第3部分:薄膜和薄片的试验条件: GB/T 1040.3—2006[S]. 北京: 中国标准出版社, 2007.
General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine of the People's Republic of China, Standardization Administration of the People's Republic of China. Plastics - Determination of Tensile Properties - Part 3: Test Conditions for Films and Sheets: GB/T 1040.3-2006[S]. Beijing: Standards Press of China, 2007.
[23] LEE M H, PARK J M.Flexural Stiffness of Selected Corrugated Structures[J]. Packaging Technology and Science, 2004, 17(5): 275-286.
[24] 马玉政. 四面体网格划分算法研究及虚拟手术切割[D]. 哈尔滨: 哈尔滨理工大学, 2022.
MA Y Z.Research on Tetrahedral Meshing Algorithm and Virtual Surgical Cutting[D]. Harbin: Harbin University of Science and Technology, 2022.
[25] 国家质量监督检验检疫总局, 中国国家标准化管理委员会. 大型运输包装件试验方法: GB/T 5398—2016[S]. 北京: 中国标准出版社, 2016.
General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine of the People's Republic of China, Standardization Administration of the People's Republic of China. Test Methods for Large Transport Packages: GB/T 5398-2016[S]. Beijing: Standards Press of China, 2016.
[26] 国家质量监督检验检疫总局, 中国国家标准化管理委员会. 包装运输包装件基本试验第17部分:编制性能试验大纲的通用规则: GB/T 4857.17—2017[S]. 北京: 中国标准出版社, 2017.
General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine of the People's Republic of China, Standardization Administration of the People's Republic of China. Packaging—Basic Tests for Tansport Packages: Part 17: General Rules for the Compilation of Performance Test: GB/T 4857.17-2017[S]. Beijing: Standards Press of China, 2017.
基金
国家自然科学基金（51575327）; 陕西省科技厅陕西省创新能力支撑计划项目（2025JC-GXPT-022）
PDF(4060 KB)
渝公网安备 50010702501716号 渝ICP备15012534号-2
