目的 研究活性破片对无人机的增强毁伤机理,揭示其毁伤效能与靶板结构参数间的内在规律。方法 将无人机的“蒙皮+主承力框梁”结构等效为CFRP/LY12铝双层间隔靶,通过弹道枪驱动活性破片,以（1 540±80）m/s冲击不同厚度组合的间隔靶（CFRP：3、6 mm;LY12铝：1、3、4 mm）。结合高速摄影与毁伤形貌分析,研究其响应行为与毁伤机制。结果 CFRP靶的破坏模式与厚度相关,3 mm靶为剪切破坏,6 mm靶则为背面拉伸破坏。虽然活性破片侵彻CFRP靶时未直接释能,但在靶后形成含化学能的碎片云,二次撞击铝靶时被激活并持续燃烧,产生远超惰性破片的撕裂与扩孔效应。随铝靶厚度增加至4 mm,碎片云侵彻能力受限,燃烧云团滞止于间隔层间、燃烧时间与火光区面积增大。结论 活性破片通过“动能侵彻+化学能释能+动态撕裂”的增强毁伤作用,实现对无人机复合结构的高效毁伤。无人机靶板厚度匹配关系直接影响毁伤模式与释能过程。本研究为活性破片冲击释能机理分析与面向无人机的战斗部设计提供了参考。
Abstract
The work aims to investigate the synergistic damage mechanism of active fragments against drones and its dependence on target structural parameters. The drone's "skin-frame" structure was modeled as a CFRP/LY12 aluminum double-layer spaced target. Active fragments were launched via a ballistic gun at 1 540 ± 80 m/s to impact targets with varying thickness combinations (CFRP: 3, 6 mm; LY12 aluminum: 1, 3, 4 mm). Combining high-speed photography with damage morphology analysis, the response behavior and damage mechanism were studied. Results showed that the failure mode of CFRP targets depended on thickness, that for 3 mm targets was shear failure, while that for 6 mm targets was backside tensile failure. Although no energy release occurred during CFRP penetration, the active fragments produced a reactive cloud that ignited upon secondary impact with the aluminum layer, causing significantly greater damage than inert fragments. As aluminum thickness increased to 4 mm, fragment penetration was limited, confining combustion between layers and extending the burn duration and the fire zone. The reactive fragments achieve efficient damage to the composite structures of drones through the enhanced destructive effect of "kinetic energy penetration + chemical energy release + dynamic tearing". The thickness matching relationship of the drone target directly affects the damage mode and energy release process. These findings provide valuable insights for the design of optimized anti-drone warheads.
关键词
活性破片 /
冲击释能行为 /
高温毁伤区 /
毁伤效应 /
CFRP靶：间隔靶
Key words
reactive fragment /
energy release behavior /
high-temperature damage zone /
damage effect /
CFRP target /
composite target
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