目的 通过量化分析马口铁奶粉罐在从“摇篮到大门”生命周期内的环境足迹,识别其生产过程中的关键环境影响类别和最相关生命周期阶段,并提出降低环境负担的建议。方法 基于欧盟产品环境足迹方法,利用SimaPro生命周期评价软件和Ecoinvent数据库对奶粉罐进行生命周期建模,随后采用环境足迹（Environmental footprint,EF）3.1方法对16类环境足迹指标进行评估,并进一步对关键参数和数据库进行敏感性分析。结果 气候变化、矿物与金属资源消耗、化石资源利用、颗粒物形成、人类毒性-癌症和酸化是奶粉罐生产过程中值得重点关注的最相关环境影响类别。生产1个奶粉罐的碳足迹为0.34 kg CO2 eq.,主要归因于马口铁原料造成的能源和资源消耗,其贡献率达61.76%。能源结构由传统火电向清洁能源的转型可以减少奶粉罐生产过程中2.94%~11.84%的温室气体排放。结论 提高原辅料利用效率、减少废料产生、降低电能消耗并加速清洁能源替代,是降低奶粉罐生命周期内环境足迹的有效路径。
Abstract
By quantitatively analyzing the environmental impact of tinplate milk powder cans during the "cradle to gate" life cycle, the work aims to identify the key environmental impact categories and the most relevant life cycle stages in the production process of milk powder cans, and propose environmental improvement suggestions. Based on the European Union Product Environmental Footprint (PEF) method, SimaPro, the life cycle assessment software, and Ecoinvent database were used to model the milk powder cans during the life cycle. The Environmental Footprint (EF) 3.1 method was used to evaluate 16 environmental footprint indicators, and sensitivity analysis was conducted on the key parameters and multiple databases. Climate change, mineral and metal resource consumption, fossil resource utilization, particulate matter formation, human toxicity-cancer, and acidification were the most relevant environmental impact categories, resulting in the main environmental impact during the production process of milk powder cans. The carbon footprint for producing one milk powder can was 0.34 kg CO2 eq., mainly attributed to the energy and resource consumption during the production stage of tinplate raw materials, with a contribution rate of 61.76%. The transition of energy structure from traditional thermal power to clean energy could give the saving of greenhouse gas emissions from 2.94% to 11.84%. Improving the efficiency of raw material utilization, reducing waste generation, lowering electricity consumption, and accelerating the replacement of clean energy are effective ways to reduce the environmental footprint of milk powder cans throughout their life cycles.
关键词
奶粉罐 /
生命周期评价 /
产品环境足迹 /
碳足迹
Key words
milk powder can /
life cycle assessment /
product environmental footprint /
carbon footprint
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