目的 探究不同孔型的包装隔离板的振动声辐射特性及孔型布局优化规律,为金属板材减材设计的减振降噪提供新的思路与理论依据。方法 设计圆形孔、方形孔及组合孔3种铝合金基材隔离板多形孔结构,构建有限元模型,结合模态分析理论与模态叠加法,系统分析3种隔离板的固有频率、振型、振动传递特性及等效辐射功率级。结果 3种孔型隔离板前6阶模态振型轮廓一致,固有频率随阶数差异逐渐扩大;在0~80 Hz频段内,等效辐射功率级随频率单调递增,a型板由92.18 dB升至132.55 dB,增幅为40.37 dB,b型板全频段略高,c型板介于两者间。结合亥姆霍兹共振模型可知a型板0~80 Hz降噪最优。结论 圆孔板对垂直振动抑制较强,方孔板面内与垂直振动耦合更均衡,组合孔板对垂直振动响应最敏感。等效辐射功率级随频率升高而单调递增,圆孔板在常规频率段噪声辐射相对最优,方孔板辐射稍强,组合孔板表现中等,特定特征频率下可实现约2 dB的降噪效果。
Abstract
The work aims to investigate the vibration-acoustic radiation characteristics and the optimization rules of hole layouts for packaging isolation plates with different hole types, to provide new ideas and theoretical basis for vibration and noise reduction in the material reduction design of metal plates. Three aluminum alloy-based isolation plates with multi-shaped hole structures (circular holes, square holes, and combined holes) were designed. A finite element model was established, and the natural frequencies, mode shapes, vibration transmission characteristics, and equivalent radiated power levels of the three isolation plates were systematically analyzed by integrating modal analysis theory and the mode superposition method. The first six-order modal shape contours of the three isolation plates were consistent, while the differences in natural frequencies gradually expanded with the increase of modal orders. Within the frequency range of 0-80 Hz, the equivalent radiated power level increased monotonically with the frequency: the level of Plate a rose from 92.18 dB to 132.55 dB (an increase of 40.37 dB), Plate b exhibited slightly higher levels across the entire frequency range, and Plate c showed intermediate performance. Combined with the Helmholtz resonance model, Plate a achieved the optimal noise reduction effect within 0-80 Hz. The circular-hole plate shows strong suppression of vertical vibration, the square-hole plate has a more balanced coupling between in-plane and vertical vibrations, and the combined-hole plate is most sensitive to vertical vibration responses. The equivalent radiated power level increases monotonically with the frequency. The circular-hole plate presents relatively optimal noise radiation in the conventional frequency range, the square-hole plate has slightly stronger radiation, and the combined-hole plate shows intermediate performance, achieving a noise reduction effect of approximately 2 dB at specific characteristic frequencies.
关键词
包装隔离板 /
布局优化 /
降噪设计
Key words
packaging isolation plate /
layout optimization /
noise reduction design
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