目的 旨在探讨滚筋位置分布对金属三片罐负压强度影响的实物试验与仿真模拟。方法 首先,采用万能试验机对镀锡薄钢板进行材料拉伸,获得仿真分析材料参数;基于HyperMesh软件建立现有四道滚筋罐的有限元模型,并利用LS-DYNA模拟其负压试验过程,通过对比仿真与实物试验的临界失稳压力,验证模型的可靠性。采用正交试验设计方法,以滚筋间距作为变量,固定滚筋宽度与深度,分析不同滚筋分布对金属罐罐身负压强度的影响,将实物试验数据和有限元分析结果进行对比分析。结果 模型验证结果显示,有限元仿真与实物试验所得的临界失稳压力分别为-71.69 kPa与-69 kPa,相对偏差仅为3.8%,表明所建立的有限元模型具有较高可靠性。在此基础上,通过正交试验设计获得了多组可有效提升罐体负压强度的四道滚筋优化方案。结论 金属三片罐在滚筋分布组合为“3544”时,负压强度提升至-78 kPa,较基准模型强度提升了12.69%,并在实物试验的过程中逐步验证了本工艺的可行性。研究成果为薄壁金属容器的轻量化设计提供了可量化的参数优化方法。
Abstract
The work aims to investigate the influence of bead position distribution on the negative pressure strength of metal three-piece cans through physical testing and simulation modeling. First, a universal testing machine was used to perform tensile tests on tin-plated thin steel sheets, yielding material parameters for simulation analysis. A finite element model of an existing four-bead can was established using HyperMesh software. LS-DYNA was employed to simulate its vacuum test process. The reliability of the model was verified by comparing the critical buckling pressures from simulation and physical testing. Through an orthogonal experimental design, the design variable was the bead spacing while bead width and depth were fixed. The effects of different bead distributions on the vacuum strength of the metal can body were analyzed, and the physical test data were compared with the finite element analysis results. The results of the model validation showed that the critical buckling pressures obtained from finite element simulation and physical testing were -71.69 kPa and -69 kPa, respectively, with a relative deviation of only 3.8%. This indicated that the established finite element model had high reliability. Based on this, multiple sets of optimized four-bead configurations that effectively enhance the vacuum strength of the can body were obtained through orthogonal experimental design. As a result, the critical buckling pressure of the metal three-piece can reach -78 kPa when the bead distribution is configured as "3544", representing an 12.69% increase over the baseline model strength. The feasibility of this process is progressively validated through physical testing. These findings provide a quantifiable parameter optimization method for lightweight design of thin-walled metal containers.
关键词
金属三片罐 /
滚筋分布 /
负压强度 /
有限元仿真
Key words
metal three-piece can /
bead distribution /
negative pressure strength /
finite element simulation
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基金
陕西省科技厅中试基地建设项目（2023ZSJD-06）
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