目的 构建一种能够用于生鲜食品保鲜的可降解pH指示材料,实现生鲜食品新鲜度的无损和可视化监测。方法 以聚乙烯醇/羧甲基纤维素（PVA/CMC）为基材,以黑枸杞花青素（BA）为色敏组分,采用三聚磷酸钠（STPP）进行离子/氢键协同交联制备PVA/CMC-BA凝胶。结果 红外光谱和X射线衍射结果显示复合凝胶各组分之间存在一定的相互作用（氢键等）,且BA的添加对复合凝胶的结晶能力产生了明显的增强作用。BA添加质量分数为4%时复合凝胶的拉伸强度最优达到0.319 MPa,断裂伸长率达163 %;抗氧化能力随BA含量增大而提升至81%。复合凝胶在不同酸碱环境下呈明显可判读变色。猪肉保鲜实验中,当总挥发性盐基氮达到10⁓15 mg/100 g时,复合凝胶跨越人眼可辨阈值,实现了食品劣变的提前预警。结论 PVA/CMC-BA兼具良好机械支撑、抗氧化与pH响应特征,可作为冷鲜肉等食品新鲜度的无损、可视化指示材料,具备应用推广的潜力。
Abstract
The work aims to develop a biodegradable pH indicator material suitable for fresh food preservation, enabling non-destructive and visual monitoring of food freshness. Poly(vinyl alcohol)/carboxymethyl cellulose (PVA/CMC) was employed as the polymer matrix, while black goji berry anthocyanin (BA) acted as the color-sensitive component. The PVA/CMC-BA composite hydrogel was prepared with sodium tripolyphosphate (STPP) via ionic and hydrogen-bond synergistic crosslinking. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction analyses revealed intermolecular interactions (such as hydrogen bonding) among the components, and the incorporation of BA significantly enhanced the crystallinity of the composite hydrogel. When the BA content was 4 wt%, the hydrogel exhibited optimal mechanical properties, with a tensile strength of 0.319 MPa and an elongation at break of 163%. The antioxidant activity increased with the BA concentration, reaching a maximum DPPH radical scavenging rate of 81%. The composite hydrogel demonstrated a distinct and visually perceptible color transition under varying pH conditions. In pork preservation experiments, when the total volatile basic nitrogen (TVB-N) value reached 10-15 mg/100 g, the color difference (ΔE) of the hydrogel exceeded the human perceptibility threshold, enabling early spoilage warning. These results suggest that the PVA/CMC-BA hydrogel integrates excellent mechanical strength, antioxidant capability, and pH sensitivity, showing great potential as a biodegradable, visual freshness indicator for chilled meat and other perishable foods.
关键词
智能包装 /
羧甲基纤维素 /
聚乙烯醇 /
黑枸杞花青素 /
pH指示
Key words
smart packaging /
carboxymethyl cellulose /
polyvinyl alcohol /
black goji berry anthocyanins /
pH indicator
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基金
北京市属高校基本科研业务费（Ee202511）; 国家新闻出版署“智能与柔版印刷”重点实验室招标课题（ZBKT202304,ZBKT2502）
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