目的 针对当前快递包装资源消耗大、回收率低及环境污染问题,设计兼顾环保、功能与经济性的封箱机构,助力绿色物流包装规模化应用。方法 以全生物基集成、无金属异材、自锁封箱为理念,选取聚乳酸（PLA）单一材料,设计楔形滑块自锁结构与模块化防窃启机构,形成无胶带封箱机构;利用3D打印技术制备试样,通过三点压弯实验获取了材料力学参数,并利用有限元仿真技术研究了机构的受力特性,最后利用万能材料试验机进行了封箱机构开启力测试。结果 PLA材料弯曲强度稳定在50 MPa左右,弯曲模量为2.35 GPa;机构平均最大开启力为8.93 N,与仿真值（9.91 N）误差为11%,开启力可平衡重力与操作便捷性;手动200次开合循环验证机构无变形、断裂,锁合解锁功能稳定;全PLA材质适配降解,模块化设计降低维护成本。结论 通过对封箱机构PLA单一材料设计与结构优化设计,实现了生物质基快递箱的可循环功能、环保性与经济性的协同提升,为生物质基材料在快递包装行业的高性能应用提供了基础支撑。
Abstract
To solve the problems of high resource consumption, low recycling rate, and environmental pollution in current express packaging, the work aims to design a carton sealing mechanism that balances environmental protection, functionality, and economy, so as to facilitate the large-scale application of green logistics packaging. Based on the concept of full bio-based integration, metal-free components, and self-locking sealing, polylactic acid (PLA) was selected as the single material. A wedge-shaped slider self-locking structure and a modular anti-tampering mechanism were designed to form a tape-free carton sealing device. Specimens were fabricated via 3D printing technology. Three-point bending tests were conducted to obtain the mechanical parameters of the material, finite element simulation was employed to analyze the force characteristics of the mechanism and a universal testing machine was used to carry out the opening force test of the carton sealing mechanism. The flexural strength of the PLA material was stable at approximately 50 MPa, with a flexural modulus of 2.35 GPa. The average maximum opening force of the mechanism was 8.93 N, showing an error of 11% compared with the simulated value (9.91 N), which balanced gravity and operational convenience. Manual 200-cycle opening and closing tests verified that the mechanism exhibited no deformation or fracture, and the locking and unlocking functions remained stable. The all-PLA material was compatible with biodegradation, and the modular design reduced maintenance costs. Through the single-PLA material design and structural optimization of the carton sealing mechanism, the synergistic improvement of recyclability, environmental friendliness, and economic efficiency of the bio-based express carton is achieved, providing fundamental support for the high-performance application of bio-based materials in the express packaging industry.
关键词
生物基材料 /
循环快递箱 /
封箱机构 /
聚乳酸 /
物流包装
Key words
bio-based materials /
recyclable express cartons /
carton sealing mechanism /
PLA /
logistics packaging
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基金
国家重点研发计划（2023YFC3904603）; 湖南省高等学校教学改革研究（HNJG-2021-0123）; 湖南省自然科学基金-区域联合基金（2023JJ50162）
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