目的 确认乏燃料运输容器在不同跌落角度下的一次/二次跌落实际响应状态,尤其是乏燃料运输容器二次跌落影响。方法 采用ANSYS/LS-DYNA建立显式动力学模型,开展水平跌落0°、角跌落15°、30°、45°、65°（过重心）及垂直跌落（90°）共6种姿态的对比研究。考虑二次跌落分析,即考虑首次着地的能量耗散与随后的姿态旋转导致另一端着地并产生第二次冲击峰值,并与试验结果进行对比。结果 研究表明在小角度（≤30°）下,二次跌落峰值通常高于第1次（如15°时整体加速度二次峰更高,且筒体在二次跌落时加速度峰值达477 m/s²）;垂直跌落对燃料组件和上盖最为不利（燃料组件加速度为574 m/s²;上盖加速度为2 070 m/s²）;上盖螺栓在30°时拉应力最大（869 MPa）,提示密封可靠性风险。结论 通过9 m水平跌落的试验,仿真对比验证了模型在减震器变形模式上的一致性,建议容器跌落分析中考虑乏燃料运输容器二次跌落分析,至少覆盖小角（15°/30°）、垂直（90°）和过重心（65°）3类工况,以同时覆盖部件最不利与整体“无二次跌落”边界。本研究在乏燃料运输容器的试验及分析计算上具有实际指导意义。
Abstract
The work aims to confirm the actual response of spent fuel transport casks during primary/secondary drops under different drop angles, particularly focusing on the effects of secondary drops. An explicit dynamics model was established using ANSYS/LS-DYNA to conduct a comparative study of six different drop orientations: horizontal drop (0°), drops at 15°, 30°, 45°, and 65° (over-center-of-gravity), and vertical drop (90°). Secondary drop analysis was considered, accounting for energy dissipation during the primary landing and subsequent rotational motion leading to a secondary impact peak when the opposite end struck the ground. The simulation results were compared with experimental data. The study showed that at small angles (approximately≤30°), the secondary drop peak was generally higher than the primary drop peak (e.g., at 15°, the overall acceleration secondary peak was higher, and the barrel acceleration peak reached 477 m/s² during the secondary drop). The vertical drop (90°) was the most severe condition for the fuel assembly and the upper lid (fuel assembly acceleration: 574 m/s²; upper lid acceleration: 2 070 m/s²). The bolt stress on the upper lid was the highest at 30° (869 MPa), indicating a potential risk to sealing reliability. The consistency between the simulation and experimental results for a 9 m horizontal drop is verified, particularly in terms of shock absorber deformation patterns. It is recommended that secondary impact analysis be included in cask drop assessments, covering at least three scenarios: small-angle drops (15°/30°), vertical drop (90°), and over-center-of-gravity drop (65°), to account for both the most critical conditions for components and the overall "no secondary drop" boundary. This study provides practical guidance for testing and analytical calculations of spent fuel transport casks.
关键词
乏燃料运输容器 /
跌落角度 /
有限元分析 /
二次跌落 /
最不利工况
Key words
spent fuel transport cask /
drop angle /
finite element analysis (FEA) /
secondary impact /
most severe conditions (worst-case scenario)
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基金
国家自然科学基金面上项目（62273315）
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