目的 基于现有的苹果包装设计,寻求在满足苹果预冷效果的基础上,包装箱抗压强度最高的气孔设计方案。方法 基于流体动力学在Fluent中模拟了在一定初始条件和边界条件下箱内苹果的温度变化历程,在模拟分析过程中,利用UDF（用户自定义函数）加载了模拟苹果生成热和蒸腾热的热源程序。从开孔直径、开孔数量、开孔纵向位置、开孔横向位置4个角度进行单因素试验和对比分析。以箱内所有苹果的最高温度是否达到预期温度作为预冷效果的评价指标。在此基础上开展了纸箱抗压试验。结果 开孔直径、开孔数量、开孔纵向位置均对预冷效果有明显的影响。而开孔横向位置的影响则不明显。当开孔直径为1.6 cm,开孔数量为4,纵向开孔位置处于1、2两层间和3、4两层间时,预冷效果最好。在此基础上进行的纸箱抗压试验发现,横向位置变化对包装箱抗压强度相对明显,当开孔间距为12 cm时,抗压强度最高。结论 开孔方式直接影响着苹果的预冷效果和包装箱的抗压强度,在优化过程中,应以预冷效果为首要考虑因素,在此基础上通过包装箱抗压强度的对比分析得出最优方案。本文的优化设计思路可以为其他开孔纸箱的设计提供一定的参考和帮助。
Abstract
The work aims to seeks to find the design of openings with the highest compressive strength of packaging boxes based on the existing apple packaging design, while satisfying the pre-cooling effect of apples. Based on fluid dynamics, the temperature change process of apples in the box under certain initial conditions and boundary conditions was simulated in Fluent. During the simulation analysis, the UDF (User-Defined Function) was used to load the thermal source program that simulated the formation heat and transpiration heat of apples. A single factor experiment and a comparative analysis were conducted from four perspectives: the diameter of the opening, the number of openings, the longitudinal position of the opening, and the lateral position of the opening. The evaluation index of the pre-cooling effect was whether the maximum temperature of all apples in the box reached the expected temperature. On this basis, the compressive strength test of the carton was carried out. The diameter of the opening, the number of openings, and the longitudinal position of the opening all had a significant impact on the pre-cooling effect. However, the influence of the lateral position of the opening was not obvious. When the diameter of the opening was 1.6 cm, the number of openings was 4, and the longitudinal position of the opening was between the first and second layers and between the third and fourth layers, the pre-cooling effect was the best. Based on this, the compressive strength test of the carton found that the change of lateral position had relatively significant effect on the compressive strength of the packaging box. When the opening spacing was 12 cm, the compressive strength was the highest. The opening method directly affects the pre-cooling effect of apples and the compressive strength of the packaging box. During the optimization process, the pre-cooling effect should be the primary consideration, and on this basis, the optimal solution should be derived through comparative analysis of the compressive strength of the packaging box. The optimization design ideas in this article can provide some reference and help for the design of other open-hole cartons.
关键词
开孔 /
预冷 /
抗压强度 /
苹果包装箱
Key words
opening /
pre-cooling /
compressive strength /
apple packaging box
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基金
河南牧业经济学院博士启动基金（2019HNUAHEDF021）
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