目的 针对电力开关柜内温湿度、压力测量传感器供电问题,需要一种能让无线传感节点实现自供电的技术。基于射频能量收集（Radio frequency energy harvesting,RFEH）的无线自供能系统已被证明是更有效的解决方案。方法 本文设计一种宽输入功率范围高效率的整流器,可应用于低功率的无线传感系统。采用谐波抑制网络对二次三次谐波进行了一定控制,以及设计了π型匹配网络,提升了整体的效率。基于此整流器设计了适用于无源无线传感系统的RFEH系统。结果 通过仿真与测试对整流电路的性能进行验证,结果表明设计出的整流器在-7.5~15 dBm输入功率范围内能量收集效率均大于50%,9 dBm时达到最高的转换效率71.6%,在-14 dBm时仍有30%的转换效率可用于低功率的物联网应用。最后,基于此RFEH系统搭建了温湿度及压力无源传感系统,实验结果显示该系统可在2 m处实时监测温湿度及压力。结论 本文所设计的系统对低功率的物联网应用如无线传感系统具有重要意义。
Abstract
Due to the power supply issue of temperature, humidity, and pressure sensors in the power switchgear, the work aims to propose a technology enabling wireless sensor nodes to achieve self-powering. A wireless self-powered system based on Radio Frequency Energy Harvesting (RFEH) has been proven to be a more effective solution. A high-efficiency rectifier with a wide input power range was designed for low-power wireless sensing systems. A harmonic suppression network was employed to control the second and third harmonics, and a π-type matching network was designed to enhance the overall efficiency. Based on this rectifier, an RFEH system suitable for passive wireless sensing systems was developed. The performance of the rectifier circuit was validated through simulation and testing, showing an energy harvesting efficiency above 50% within the input power range of -7.5 to 15 dBm, achieving a peak conversion efficiency of 71.6% at 9 dBm, and maintaining a conversion efficiency of 30% at -14 dBm, making it suitable for low-power IoT applications. Finally, a passive temperature, humidity, and pressure sensing system based on this RFEH system was constructed. Experimental results demonstrated that this system could monitor temperature, humidity, and pressure in real time at a distance of 2 m. The system designed in this study is of significant importance for low-power IoT applications, such as wireless sensing systems.
关键词
射频能量收集 /
无线自供电系统 /
无线传感系统 /
整流器 /
Dickson倍压电路
Key words
Radio Frequency Energy Harvesting (RFEH) /
wireless self-powered system /
wireless sensing system /
rectifier /
Dickson voltage multiplier circuit
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基金
国网湖南省电力有限公司科技项目（人才专项： 5216A524000T）; 国家自然科学基金（52075339）
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