目的 为降低苹果在物流运输过程中的破损率,利用有限元法对苹果跌落冲击下的缓冲包装系统进行研究,以选择合适的缓冲包装材料和结构。方法 首先对市场上常用的苹果缓冲包装材料和结构进行分析,在此基础上选用发泡聚苯乙烯（Expanded polystyrene,EPS）、发泡聚乙烯（Expandable polyethylene,EPE）、纸浆模塑和瓦楞纸板4种材料进行缓冲结构设计。其中EPS和EPE各设置6种缓冲厚度,纸浆模塑和瓦楞纸板各选用2种缓冲结构,分别建立包装件跌落有限元仿真模型,分析其缓冲性能。结果 苹果的临界损伤值为0.81 MPa,在高度为800 mm的跌落仿真分析中,当EPE厚度>40 mm,EPS厚度>45 mm时,苹果受到的冲击力小于临界损伤值,而本文选用的纸浆模塑结构（设计为碗状和杯状结构,厚度均为4 mm）和瓦楞纸板缓冲结构（设计为悬空和十字隔板结构,厚度均为3 mm）中苹果受到的冲击力均高于临界损伤值。结论 设置合适厚度的EPE和EPS缓冲包装均可有效保护苹果,且同等厚度下EPE的缓冲效果优于EPS,而本文选用的纸浆模塑和瓦楞纸板缓冲结构则不能很好地保护苹果。有限元仿真分析可快速、有效地评估缓冲包装性能,选择较为优异的缓冲材料和结构,改进现有缓冲结构,提高包装系统的可靠性。
Abstract
The work aims to study the buffer packaging system of apples under the impact of dropping by using finite element method, so as to select appropriate buffer packaging materials and structures, and reduce the breakage rate of apples in logistics transportation. Firstly, apple buffer packaging materials and structures commonly used in the market were analyzed. On this basis, Expanded Polystyrene (EPS), Expandable Polyethylene (EPE), pulp molding and corrugated cardboard were selected for buffer structure design. For EPS and EPE, 6 kinds of buffer thickness were set up, and for pulp molding and corrugated cardboard, 2 kinds of buffer structure were selected, respectively. The finite element simulation model of package drop was established to analyze their buffer performance. The critical damage value of apples was 0.81 MPa. In the simulation analysis of drop from a height of 800 mm, when the thickness of EPE was greater than 40 mm and the thickness of EPS was greater than 45 mm, the impact force of apples was less than the critical damage value. However, the impact force of the apples in the pulp molding structure (designed as bowl and cup structure with thickness of 4 mm) and the corrugated cardboard buffer structure (designed as suspended and cross partition structure with thickness of 3 mm) was higher than the critical damage value. It can be seen the EPE and EPS buffer packaging with appropriate thickness can effectively protect apples, and the buffer effect of EPE is better than EPS at the same thickness, while the pulp molding and corrugated cardboard buffer structure selected in this paper can not protect apples well. Finite element simulation analysis can quickly and effectively evaluate the performance of buffer packaging, select better buffer materials and structures, improve the existing buffer structure, and improve the reliability of the packaging system.
关键词
苹果 /
跌落冲击 /
缓冲包装 /
有限元法
Key words
apple /
drop impact /
buffer packaging /
finite element method
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基金
河南省科技厅重点研发与推广专项（科技攻关）项目（242102241055）
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