目的 旨在研发出一款高菱铁尾矿含量的石头纸,为菱铁尾矿固废资源化提供一种新途径。方法 以工业固废菱铁尾矿粉料和聚丙烯（PP）为主要原料,再添加功能性助剂,通过机械破碎—干法球磨—表面改性三级预处理工艺对菱铁尾矿进行活化,结合密炼共混-热压成型技术制备出菱铁尾矿基石头纸。借助扫描电子显微镜（SEM）、万能电子实验机等表征手段研究菱铁尾矿掺量在20%~60%时对材料微观形貌及物理性能的影响规律。结果 当菱铁尾矿掺量达20%时,石头纸的紧度、平滑度、撕裂度、拉伸强度分别提升了11%、8.1%、49.5%、42.1%;当掺量达40%时,紧度增加、平滑度下降、撕裂度和拉伸强度有微小提升;当掺量超过40%时,紧度继续增加、平滑度、撕裂度和拉伸强度均明显下降。菱铁尾矿的掺入未显著促进石头纸的老化,同时对其阻燃性能影响不显著,材料保持了良好的结构完整性。结论 菱铁尾矿的掺入对石头纸的抗老化性和阻燃性影响甚微,若要实现良好的阻燃性能,须增加阻燃剂的用量。石头纸的物理性能主要取决于尾矿粒子在树脂之间的分布状况,只有尾矿粒子均匀填充于树脂中,才能获得物理性能优异的石头纸。
Abstract
The work aims to develop stone paper with high content of siderite tailings to provide a new approach for the resource utilization of siderite tailings solid waste. With industrial solid waste siderite tailings powder and polypropylene (PP) as the main raw materials, and with the addition of functional additives, siderite tailings were activated through a three-stage pretreatment process of mechanical crushing, dry ball milling, and surface modification. Combined with mixing and hot pressing technology, siderite tailings based stone paper was prepared. The influence of the content of siderite tailings 20wt%-60wt% on the microstructure and physical properties of the material was studied through characterization methods such as scanning electron microscope (SEM) and universal electronic testing machine. The results showed that when the content of siderite tailings reached 20%, the tightness, smoothness, tear resistance, and tensile strength of the stone paper increased by 11%, 8.1%, 49.5%, and 42.1%, respectively; When the dosage reached 40%, the tightness increased, the smoothness decreased, and there was a slight improvement in tear resistance and tensile strength; When the dosage exceeded 40%, the tightness continued to increase, while the smoothness, tear resistance, and tensile strength all significantly decreased. The addition of siderite tailings did not significantly promote the aging of stone paper, and had no significant effect on its flame retardant properties. The material maintained good structural integrity. The addition of siderite tailings has little effect on the aging resistance and flame retardancy of stone paper. In order to achieve good flame retardancy, the amount of flame retardant must be increased. The physical properties of stone paper mainly depend on the distribution of tailings particles between resins. Only when tailings particles are uniformly filled in the resin can stone paper with excellent physical properties be obtained.
关键词
石头纸 /
菱铁尾矿 /
聚丙烯 /
固体废弃物
Key words
stone paper /
siderite tailings /
polypropylene /
solid waste
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