目的 以不同结构木材为研究对象,研究蒸煮软化后木材原料的动力学特性。方法 对蒸煮软化后的环孔材榆木、散孔材杨木和无孔材樟子松试件进行高应变率（400、700、1 000 s-1）加载试验,分析蒸煮软化后3种木材的动力学特性。结果 蒸煮软化后3种试材沿径向、弦向解离所得小试件主要呈细长杆状,沿轴向解离所得小试件主要呈短粗状;沿弦向、径向加载较易解离,沿轴向加载较难解离;环孔材榆木最难解离,无孔材樟子松最易解离;3种试材的应力-应变关系只有线弹性阶段和屈服后弱线性强化阶段两部分;3种试材的抗压强度均随应变率的增大而增大,散孔材杨木试件抗压强度最小,环孔材榆木抗压强度最大。结论 蒸煮软化后木材原料解离的难易程度与应变率、试材内部结构的均匀性呈正相关关系,与试材密度呈负相关关系;蒸煮软化后环孔材、散孔材和无孔材的动力学性能均具有应变率敏感性。
Abstract
With different structured woods as the research object, the work aims to study the dynamic characteristics of wood raw materials after cooking and softening. The high strain rate (400, 700 and 1 000 s-1) loading tests were carried out on the specimens of ring-porous wood elm, loose-porous wood poplar and non-porous wood pinus sylvestris after cooking and softening, and the dynamic characteristics of the three kinds of woods after cooking and softening were analyzed. The small specimens dissociated for the three kinds of softened test materials by radial and tangential loading were mainly elongated rods, while the small specimens dissociated by axial loading were mainly short and coarse blocks. It was easy to dissociate under tangential and radial loading, but difficult to dissociate under axial loading. The ring-porous elm was the most difficult to dissociate, and the non-porous pinus sylvestris was the easiest to dissociate. The stress-strain relationship of the three test materials consisted of two parts including linear elastic stage and weak linear strengthening stage after yield. The compressive strength of the three test materials increased with the increase of strain rate. The compressive strength of the loose-porous wood poplar specimen was the smallest, and the compressive strength of the ring-porous wood elm was the largest. The degree of difficulty in the dissociation of wood raw materials after cooking and softening is positively correlated with the strain rate and the uniformity of the internal structure of the test material, and negatively correlated with the density of the test material. After cooking and softening, the dynamic characteristics of the ring-porous material, the loose-porous material and the non-porous material are sensitive to strain rate.
关键词
木材 /
纤维解离 /
蒸煮软化 /
不同结构 /
动力学特性
Key words
wood /
fiber dissociation /
cooking and softening /
different structures /
dynamic characteristics
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基金
2024年度黑龙江省省属本科高校基本科研业务费项目（2024KYYWF0997）; 国家自然科学基金面上项目（41772387）
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