目的 针对即时配送下订单分配不合理、订单配送超时等问题,在兼顾配送参与主体权益与平台降本增效的前提下,合理分配订单并规划路径。方法 首先,兼顾配送员、客户以及商家三方权益,考虑时间窗、配送顺序等因素,结合实时天气变化,构建外卖平台总调度成本最小化的调度模型。其次,提出同时满足客户点位置相近且订单出餐时间相似的订单合并策略,引入K-means++聚类方法进行求解;然后,针对合并后的订单集合进行路径规划,综合考虑天气对配送员配送速度与客户满意度的影响,采用遗传算法求解最优路径;最后,通过案例数据的仿真模拟与对比分析证明策略的有效性。结果 算例结果表明,订单数在2~6个时基本能保证准时。时空相似合并派单策略相较于传统派单策略准时率提升了14.55%,配送距离和配送成本分别减少了58.61%、59.56%;相较于空间相似合并派单策略准时率提升了6.36%,配送距离和配送成本分别减少了1.90%、7.28%。结论 文中所提的模型、算法和订单合并策略可以结合实际天气情况合理分配订单、规划配送路径,从而有效降低成本、提高订单准时率,为外卖平台实现降本增效提供参考。
Abstract
The work aims to propose an approach to allocate orders and plan routes while balancing the interests of all stakeholders and enhancing platform efficiency and cost reduction, so as to address issues such as unreasonable order allocation and delivery delays in on-demand delivery. Firstly, a scheduling model was constructed to minimize the total scheduling cost of the food delivery platform, considering the rights and interests of delivery riders, customers, and merchants, factors like time windows and delivery sequences, and real-time weather changes. Secondly, an order consolidation strategy was introduced, which simultaneously satisfied the proximity of delivery points and the similarity of order preparation times, solved using the K-means++ clustering method. Subsequently, path planning for the consolidated order sets was conducted, incorporating the impact of weather on delivery speed and customer satisfaction, with optimal routes solved using a genetic algorithm. Finally, simulation and comparative analysis of case data demonstrated the strategy's effectiveness. Results indicated that when the order volume ranged from 2 to 6, punctuality was generally ensured. Compared with traditional dispatching methods, the time-space similarity-based dispatch strategy improved punctuality by 14.55%, reduced delivery distance and cost by 58.61% and 59.56%, respectively, and outperformed space-similarity-based methods by enhancing punctuality by 6.36%, while cutting delivery distance and cost by 1.90% and 7.28%, respectively. The proposed models, algorithms, and order consolidation strategies can allocate orders and plan delivery routes based on real-time weather conditions, effectively reducing costs and improving order punctuality and providing a reference for food delivery platforms to enhance efficiency and reduce costs.
关键词
即时配送 /
订单合并 /
路径规划
Key words
instant delivery /
order consolidation /
path planning
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基金
武汉市交通强国建设试点科技联合项目（2023-1-2）
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