目的 开发面向船舶舱室用的兼具轻量化与优良隔声特征的超细玻璃纤维板材料，并开展复合结构设计，以实现其性能最佳。方法 采用离心法制备高孔隙率、高表面积的超细玻璃纤维，并开展基于SZZB-4传递函数法吸声系数与隔声测试系统的超细玻璃纤维复合衬板隔声性能测试实验，研究基础材料种类、厚度、玻纤密度与芯体复合结构形式对衬板隔声效果的影响。结果 制备的玻璃纤维平均直径仅为2.5 μm，相较于目前使用的岩棉板，其能够大幅提升内部表面积与孔隙率，使声波在板内损耗更多;当玻璃纤维密度提升至140 kg/m³时，其声阻抗值较传统材料增加38%，配合蜂窝铝(FWL)中间层形成的封闭微腔结构，使50 mm厚衬板平均隔声量达到53.52 dB(较岩棉板提升18.9%)，面密度降至18.3 kg/m²;扫描电子显微镜(SEM)显微分析揭示，纤维交联网络使材料抗压强度提升至0.38 MPa，满足ISO 717-1中船舶构件的力学要求;含FWL结构的复合芯材在1 000 Hz频段隔声量达到59.28 dB，且冲击韧性提高27%。结论 研发的材料体系成功实现隔声性能、轻量化与结构强度的协同优化，为船舶舱室噪声控制提供兼具工程实用性与环境适应性的解决方案。

The work aims to develop ultra-fine glass fiber board materials with lightweight and excellent sound insulation characteristics for ship cabins, and design composite structures to achieve the best performance. The ultra-fine glass fiber with high porosity and high surface area was prepared by centrifugal method, and the sound insulation performance of the ultra-fine glass fiber composite lining board was tested based on the sound absorption coefficient and sound insulation test system of SZZB-4 transfer function method, and the influence of the type, thickness, glass fiber density and core composite structure on the sound insulation effect of the lining board was studied. The average diameter of the prepared glass fiber was only 2.5 μm. Compared with the current rock wool board, the glass fiber could greatly improve the internal surface area and porosity, and make the sound wave loss in the board more. When the density of glass fiber was increased to 140 kg/m3, the acoustic impedance value was increased by 38% compared with the traditional material, and the closed microcavity structure formed by the honeycomb aluminum (FWL) intermediate layer made the average sound insulation of 50 mm thick lining board reach 53.52 dB (18.9% higher than the rock wool board), and the surface density was reduced to 18.3 kg/m2. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) microscopic analysis revealed that the compressive strength of the fiber cross-linked network increased to 0.38 MPa, meeting the mechanical requirements for marine components in ISO 717-1. The sound insulation of the composite core material with FWL structure reached 59.28 dB in the frequency band of 1 000 Hz, and the impact toughness was increased by 27%. The developed material system successfully realizes the collaborative optimization of sound insulation performance, lightweight and structural strength, and provides a solution with both engineering practicability and environmental adaptability for ship cabin noise control.