目的 针对碰撞防护问题，基于仿生设计理念，提出一种层级仿生三明治吸能缓冲防护结构。方法 将生物材料的子层级结构特征融入三明治结构设计，利用3D打印技术成功制备热塑性塑料仿生三明治试件。结果 进行10组准静态压缩试验测试，结果表明，该结构的比吸能最大值为5.48 J/g，峰值载荷和平均压溃载荷最大值分别为25.77和16.21 kN，压缩载荷效率最大值为0.67。相较于对照组，具有子层级特征的仿生三明治结构在承载能力和能量吸收方面均显著提升。进一步研究发现，随着结构厚度的增加，比吸能、峰值载荷及平均压溃载荷呈上升趋势，但压缩载荷效率随之降低。结论 子层级结构参数对力学性能的调控作用显著;外廓尺寸调整不仅改变了结构的刚度特性，还导致压缩载荷的非线性变化，可为安全防护材料的力学仿生设计提供新的参考依据。

In order to solve the problem in collision protection, the work aims to propose a layered bionic sandwich energy absorption and buffer protection structure based on the bionic design concept. The sub-layer structure of biomaterials was integrated into the sandwich configuration design, and the thermoplastic bionic sandwich samples were successfully prepared by 3D printing technology. After 10 groups of quasi-static compression tests, the results showed that the maximum specific energy absorption of the structure was 5.48 J/g, the maximum peak load and the maximum average crushing load were 25.77 and 16.21 kN, respectively, and the maximum compression load efficiency was 0.67. Compared with the control group, the bionic sandwich structure with sub-layer features had a significant increase in load carrying capacity and energy absorption. It was found that with the increase of structure thickness, the specific absorption energy, peak load and average crushing load increased, but the compression load efficiency decreased. The sub-layer structure parameters have a significant effect on mechanical properties. The adjustment of the outer dimension not only changes the stiffness characteristics of the structure, but also causes the nonlinear change of the compression load. This study provides a new reference for the mechanical bionic design of safety protection materials.