目的 提出一种改进的斜齿轮啮合刚度计算方法，以提高齿轮传动系统动力学分析中的计算效率和准确性。通过精确建模时计算变啮合刚度，深入理解齿轮传动系统的动态行为，从而为优化齿轮设计和提升系统性能提供理论依据。方法 提出一种基于改进势能法的斜齿轮啮合刚度计算方法，并对比了势能法、有限元法和ISO 6336-1法;在MATLAB中建立传动系统的动力学模型，仿真分析相啮合斜齿轮的动态啮合力及各斜齿轮的径向和轴向振动特性。结果 橡皮滚筒与印版滚筒齿轮副及印版滚筒与压印滚筒齿轮副的动态啮合力相近;橡皮滚筒传动斜齿轮径向振动指标较小，但轴向振动较大;印版滚筒和压印滚筒传动斜齿轮的径向振动大小相近、方向相反，轴向振动方向相同。结论 改进势能法显著提高了计算效率，减轻了工作负担，同时更贴近实际工况的啮合刚度。通过动力学分析，2对齿轮副的啮合力变化及振动特性得到全面理解，为优化齿轮设计和提升传动系统性能提供了重要指导。

The work aims to propose an improved meshing stiffness calculation method to enhance the accuracy and efficiency of meshing stiffness calculation of gear system in dynamic analysis. By accurately modeling the time-varying meshing stiffness, the dynamic behavior of gear system is deeply discussed, thus providing theoretical basis for optimizing gear design and improving system performance. A meshing stiffness calculation method for helical gears based on the improved potential energy method was proposed and then analyzed and compared with the traditional potential energy method, finite element analysis, and ISO 6336-1 standard. A dynamic model of the gear system was established in MATLAB, and the dynamic meshing force and radial and axial vibration characteristics of helical gears were analyzed. The dynamic meshing force of the rubber cylinder and plate cylinder gear pair was similar to that of the plate cylinder and impression cylinder gear pair. The radial vibration index of rubber cylinder transmission helical gear was small, but the axial vibration was large. The radial vibration of plate cylinder and impression cylinder transmission helical gear was close, with opposite directions and the axial vibration direction was the same. In summary, the improved potential energy method significantly improves the calculation efficiency and reduces the workload, and the resulting meshing stiffness is closer to the actual working conditions. In addition, through the dynamic analysis, the change of meshing force and vibration characteristics of the gear operation is understood comprehensively, which provides a powerful guidance for optimizing the gear design and improving the performance of the transmission system.