目的 探讨覆盖凯夫拉纤维止裂层后氮化硅陶瓷板在弹片冲击下的抗弹性能及其损伤机制。方法 通过金属弹片对覆盖止裂层的陶瓷板进行冲击实验，测定不同冲击速度下的弹片剩余速度。建立冲击损伤的有限元计算模型，分析了止裂层的存在、厚度及其与陶瓷板界面强度对抗弹性能的影响规律。结果 陶瓷板表面覆盖止裂层后，冲击中心区域的径向与周向裂纹更加密集，使陶瓷板在局部区域碎裂更加充分，从而吸收了更多的冲击能量，降低了弹片的剩余速度。对止裂层与陶瓷板之间的界面强度进行调控也可以影响其抗弹性能，当界面强度为0 MPa时，弹片的剩余速度较大，抗弹性能差;当界面强度>0 MPa时，弹片的剩余速度较低且趋于一恒值，不随界面强度变化，此时界面强度的具体数值对其抗弹性能影响小。结论 具有一定界面强度的止裂层可降低弹片冲击后的剩余速度，并可限制陶瓷板损伤后的裂纹扩展，促进局部弹靶间的相互作用，增大冲击弹道上的陶瓷损伤，从而提升其抗弹性能。界面强度的有无对弹片剩余速度影响大，而其数值大小对弹片剩余速度的影响小。本研究为陶瓷防护装甲的结构设计提供了重要的理论依据和参考，具有实际应用价值。

The work aims to investigate the elastic resistance of silicon nitride ceramic plates covered with a Kevlar fiber crack arresting layer to shrapnel impact and its damage mechanism. Impact experiments were carried out on ceramic plates covered with a crack arresting layer by metal flying shrapnel to determine the residual velocity of the shrapnel at different impact velocities. A finite element calculation model of impact damage was established to analyze the influence of the existence and thickness of the crack arresting layer as well as its interfacial strength with the ceramic plate on the elastic resistance. After the surface of the ceramic plate was covered with the crack arresting layer, the radial and circumferential cracks in the impact center region were more intensive, which made the ceramic plate break up more fully in the local region, thus absorbing more impact energy and reducing the residual velocity of the shrapnel. The residual velocity of the shrapnel reached the highest when the interfacial strength between the crack arresting layer and the ceramic plate was 0 MPa, while the residual velocity of the shrapnel tended to stabilize when the interfacial strength was greater than 0 MPa, indicating that the influence of the interfacial strength on the residual velocity gradually decreased. The crack arresting layer with a certain interfacial strength significantly reduces the residual velocity of the shrapnel after impact, limits the crack expansion of the ceramic plate after damage, and at the same time promotes the interaction between the local bullet targets, increases the ceramic damage on the impact trajectory, and thus improves its anti-elasticity performance. This study provides an important theoretical basis and reference for the structural design of ceramic protective armor, which has practical application value.