目的 为探究砾石颗粒介质的消波机理及其影响因素，采用数值模拟方法对爆炸冲击波在砾石颗粒层中的传播和衰减进行研究。方法 基于Python语言、细观建模等方法编写了颗粒的分布算法，并研究颗粒介质对冲击波衰减的影响趋势及其机制。结果 建立了考虑颗粒分布随机和孔径大小随机的颗粒层二维几何模型，然后基于映射网格算法和孔隙度的控制算法得到了相应的有限元模型。基于细观模型开展了冲击波在砾石颗粒层中传播衰减的数值模拟，系统分析了冲击波衰减机理。结论 颗粒间的多次复杂反射影响了冲击波的传播路径，是降低超压峰值和延长冲击波作用时间的主要原因;颗粒的运动对冲击波衰减的影响较小，而颗粒材料及摩擦对冲击波衰减的影响可以忽略;通过改变颗粒层孔隙度，可改变冲击波传播路径，进一步影响冲击波的衰减。

The work aims to employ numerical simulation methods to study the propagation and attenuation of explosive shock waves within gravel particle layers to investigate the wave-dissipation mechanism of gravel particulate media and its influential factors. A particle distribution algorithm was developed using Python and mesoscale modeling techniques to examine the impact trends and mechanisms of the particulate medium on shock wave attenuation. A two-dimensional (2D) geometric model of the particle layer was created, taking into account random particle distribution and pore size variability. Subsequently, a corresponding finite element (FE) model was derived using a mapped grid algorithm and the porosity control method. Numerical simulations based on the mesoscale model were conducted to analyze the propagation and attenuation of shock waves in the gravel particle layers, leading to a systematic exploration of the underlying attenuation mechanisms. The results indicate that multiple complex reflections among particles significantly influence the propagation path of the shock wave, which is primarily responsible for reducing the overpressure peak and extending the duration of the shock wave. The movement of particles has few effects on shock wave attenuation, while the material properties and friction of the particles can be considered negligible in this context. Furthermore, altering the porosity of the particle layer affects the propagation path of the shock wave, thereby influencing its attenuation characteristics.