目的 提高植物纤维发泡材料的缓冲性能和疏水性，并探究天然胶乳的改性对其性能的影响。 方法 以天然胶乳(NRL)和植物纤维为基体，以聚醚(F127)为发泡剂，以聚乙烯醇(PVA)和丙三醇为增塑剂，采用机械发泡法制备一种新型NRL改性的植物纤维发泡复合材料。研究NRL的添加量对发泡复合材料的微观结构、水接触角、压缩性能、隔热性、热稳定性的影响。结果 在NRL与PVA的质量比为2∶1时，植物纤维发泡材料的综合性能最优，其疏水角高达121.4°，压缩强度(应变80%)为1 102.8 kPa，回弹性(应变50%，10次循环)达到76.38%，静态缓冲系数低至0.04，且在80 ℃下加热60 min后，其表面温度仅上升了4.5 ℃。结论 经NRL改性后植物纤维发泡材料具有良好的疏水、缓冲、隔热等性能。

The work aims to improve the buffer properties and hydrophobicity of plant fiber foams and investigate the effects of modification of natural latex on foam properties. With natural latex (NRL) and plant fiber as matrix, polyether (F127) as blowing agent and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) as plasticizer, a new NRL modified plant fiber foam composite was prepared by mechanical foaming method. The effects of the amount of NRL on the microstructure, water contact angle, compression properties, thermal insulation and thermal stability of the foam composites were studied. The plant fiber foam with a mass ratio of NRL/PVA=2∶1 had the best comprehensive properties, the hydrophobic angle was up to 121.4°, the compressive strength (80% strain) was 1 102.8 kPa, the resilience (50% strain and 10 cycles) was up to 76.38%, and the static buffer coefficient was as low as 0.04. After heating at 80 ℃ for 60 min, the surface temperature only increased by 5 ℃. In summary, the plant fiber foam material modified by NRL has good functions of hydrophobicity, buffer and heat insulation.