目的 为满足放射性物品运输容器表面去污特殊需求，概述放射性表面污染监测仪器，深入总结放射性表面去污方法并提供应用指导。方法 系统性综述现有表面去污方法的原理、应用，并基于现有方法缺陷综述具有潜力的先进表面去污方法，指出未来的发展方向。结果 去污方法选取应基于放射性内容物、材料特性、去污预算、二次废物处理难易程度等综合选取去污方法或几种方法的组合。而现有方法无法兼顾效率、成本和安全，因此新材料清洁去污方法展现出巨大的潜力。结论 建议重点研究清洁放射性表面去污方法，并大力发展机器人远程通信传输及控制技术，以实现远程放射性物品容器表面污染监测与去污一体化操作。

The work aims to review the radioactive surface contamination monitoring instruments and summarize the radioactive surface decontamination methods in depth to meet the special requirements of surface decontamination of radioactive materials transport containers and provide application guidance. The principle and application of existing surface decontamination methods were systematically reviewed, and the potential advanced surface decontamination methods were summarized based on the defects of existing methods, so as to concise the future development direction. The decontamination method should be selected based on radioactive contents, material characteristics, decontamination budget, and the difficulty of secondary waste treatment, or a combination of several methods. However, the existing methods cannot give consideration to efficiency, cost and safety, so the surface pollution monitoring and green decontamination methods relying on new materials showed great potential. It is suggested that the decontamination method of clean radioactive surfaces should be studied emphatically, and the remote communication transmission and control technology of robot should be developed vigorously to realize the integrated operation of remote radioactive container surface pollution monitoring and decontamination.