目的 系统总结薄锥壳冲击试验方法和数值模拟方法，并分析其响应行为和载荷特征，以发展基于薄锥壳塑性变形的冲击载荷等效加载技术。方法 全面调研国内外关于薄锥壳结构冲击响应的工作，总结其冲击试验加载技术和数值模拟方法，主要利用冲击块加速度变化以及载荷-位移曲线对薄锥壳力学响应及能量吸收特性进行表征，并结合弹塑性应力波进行理论分析。结论 金属薄锥壳冲击试验加载方法主要有落锤冲击、化爆脉冲加载和气压推动质量块进行撞击等，数值模拟中通常采用刚性板挤压金属壳单元的方法进行验证。除对薄锥壳轴向加载外，还有斜向加载、引入刻槽、泡沫材料填充和复合材料夹层等试验设计。该领域研究仍处于初期发展阶段，今后有必要结合试验测试与数值模拟分析，全面而深入地研究薄锥壳参数变化对其冲击响应行为和载荷特征的影响规律及其物理机制。

The work aims to systematically summarize the experimental and numerical methods for the impact of thin conical shells, analyze the corresponding response behavior and load characteristics, and develop equivalent impact loading technology based on the plastic deformation of thin conical shells. By comprehensively surveying related research on the impact response of thin conical shell structures, the impact loading techniques and numerical simulation methods were summarized in detail, and the mechanical properties and energy absorption performance of thin conical shells were primarily characterized through the acceleration history of impact object and the load-displacement curve. And theoretical analysis was also conducted based on elastoplastic stress waves. The results show that the main loading approach for metallic thin conical shell impact tests includes drop-weight impact, explosive pulse loading, and pneumatic mass block impact, etc. Regarding the numerical simulation method, it is usually based on the compression of the metallic shell by a rigid plate. Furthermore, in addition to the axial loading on the conical shell, there are several other experimental designs for the investigation on the impact response, e.g., oblique loading, introduction of grooves, foam material filling, and composite material interlayers, etc. On the whole, the research in this field is still in its early stages of development. In the future, it needs to investigate comprehensively and deeply the influence of shell parameter variation on its impact response and load characteristics as well as the corresponding mechanism. It is suggested to combine the experimental and numerical approaches together in related research.