目的 提高货物装载效率，满足定制化门窗材码垛要求，提高托盘码垛的空间利用率。方法 首先根据实际情况构建门窗材码垛的数学模型，然后针对门窗材在码垛托盘内的空间利用率问题，制定空极大空间的码放策略，并采用蚁群算法来寻找门窗材最优的码放位置和摆放姿态，最后与传统经验算法的空间利用率进行对比。结果 在相同订单样本量下，文中的蚁群算法相较于传统的经验算法，可将垛型的空间利用率提高8.82%，且所得垛型的高度更低、稳定性更强。结论 所提出的数学模型能够为门窗材在线码垛的整体垛型优化提供理论依据。

The work aims to enhance the loading efficiency of goods and meet the stacking requirements of customized door and window materials, so as to improve the space utilization of pallet stacking. Firstly, a mathematical model for stacking doors and windows materials was constructed based on practical situations. Subsequently, in allusion to the issue of spatial utilization of door and window materials within stacking pallets, a stacking strategy employing empty maximal spaces was devised. An ant colony algorithm was designed to search for the optimal stacking position and orientation for door and window materials. Finally, a comparison of spatial utilization rates was conducted with traditional empirical algorithms. The results indicated that, under the same order sample size, the ant colony algorithm proposed in this study could improve the spatial utilization rate of stacks by 8.82% compared with traditional empirical algorithms. Additionally, the obtained stacking configurations exhibited lower stack heights and greater stability. The mathematical model proposed in this study provides a basis for the overall optimization of stacking configurations for online stacking of door and window materials.