目的 了解国内外乏燃料运输和储存容器中子屏蔽材料的类型，整理分析现有中子屏蔽材料的性能和特点，为应用于乏燃料运输和储存容器的中子屏蔽材料的研发提供一定参考。方法 综述国内外应用于乏燃料运输和储存容器中子屏蔽材料的应用现状，对关键性能进行总结和比较，并提出其研究重点和发展趋势。结果 目前，硼化不锈钢、碳化硼/铝复合材料、硼铝合金、聚合物基复合材料和屏蔽混凝土等中子屏蔽材料已应用于乏燃料运输和储存容器。结论 随着核电厂高燃耗的发展趋势，未来乏燃料运输和储存容器对中子屏蔽材料的性能提出了更严格的要求，建议注重研发屏蔽性能优异、装配更换方便、耐辐照的中子屏蔽材料。

The work aims to learn the types of neutron shielding materials for spent fuel transportation and storage casks at home and abroad, sort out and analyze the performance and characteristics of existing neutron shielding materials, and provide some reference for the research and development of neutron shielding materials for spent fuel transportation and storage casks. The current application status of neutron shielding materials in spent fuel transportation and storage casks at home and abroad was reviewed, the key performances were summarized and compared, and the research focus and development trend were put forward. At present, neutron shielding materials such as borated stainless steels, boron carbide/aluminum composites, boron aluminum alloys, polymer matrix composites, and shielding concrete have been used for spent fuel transportation and storage. With the development trend of high burnup in nuclear power plants, the future spent fuel transportation and storage casks put forward more stringent requirements on the performance of neutron shielding materials. It is recommended to pay attention to the development of neutron shielding materials with excellent shielding performance, convenient assembly and replacement, and radiation resistance.