目的 探究真空冷冻干燥技术对玉米种子的影响。方法 基于光学显微镜成像及真空冷冻干燥技术探究各冻干条件(冻结终温、升华干燥温度、解析干燥温度)对玉米种子细胞微观结构的影响。对比分析细胞形态学参数(当量直径、周长、面积、圆度)和含水率的变化规律，建立真空冷冻干燥条件与细胞形态学参数变化率之间关联的数学拟合模型。结果 细胞形态学参数变化率和含水率与冻结终温呈负相关趋势，随升华干燥和解析干燥温度的升高呈现先减少后增大的趋势，且升华干燥温度对玉米种子形态学参数变化率影响最大。在冻结终温为−25 ℃、升华干燥温度为5 ℃、解析干燥温度为40 ℃下，含水率(12.81%)最低。在细胞的当量直径(9.2%)、周长(8.4%)、面积(17.68%)的变化率最小且圆度(1.78%)小于4%时，干燥效果最好。采用二次多项式模型，决定系数R²均接近于1，FSSE和FRMSE均接近0。结论 该数学模型能较好地描述各真空冷冻干燥条件对玉米种子细胞形态学参数的影响，可在一定范围内对玉米米种子真空冷冻干燥后的品质进行控制。

The work aims to study the effects of vacuum freeze-drying on corn seeds. The effects of vacuum freeze-drying conditions (freezing end temperature, sublimation drying temperature and parse drying temperature) on the microstructure of corn seed cells were investigated based on the optical microscope imaging and vacuum freeze-drying techniques. The variation pattern of cell morphological parameters (equivalent diameter, perimeter, area and roundness) and moisture content were compared and analyzed. A mathematical fitting model was established for the correlation between the change rate of cell morphology parameters and vacuum freeze-drying conditions. The change rate of cell morphological parameters and moisture content were negatively correlated with the freezing end temperature. With the increase of sublimation drying and parse drying temperature, the change rate of cell morphological parameters and moisture content tended to decrease and then increase. The sublimation drying temperature had the greatest impact on the change rate of morphological parameters of corn seeds. The moisture content is the lowest (12.81%) at the final freezing temperature of −25 ℃, sublimation drying temperature of 5 ℃ and parse temperature of 40 ℃. The cells have the smallest rate of change in equivalent diameter (9.2%), perimeter (8.4%), area (17.68%) and the roundness (1.78%) is less than 4%, indicating the best drying results. By the quadratic polynomial model, the coefficient of determination R2 is closed to 1 and FSSE and FRMSE are closed to 0. This mathematical model can effectively describe the effects of various vacuum freeze-drying conditions on the morphological parameters of corn seed cells and control the quality of corn seed after vacuum freeze-drying within a certain range