目的 为了优化弹药包装尺寸设计，提高超长弹药包装装载和运输的效率。方法 以铁路运输过程中超长弹药包装的斜装运输为研究对象，分析弹药包装箱和车厢几何尺寸之间的数学关系，以构建斜装运输时车厢允许的弹药包装的最大长度、最小长度、最大宽度随斜装角变化的数学模型。基于该模型，可以对包装箱参数进行优化，以实现铁路车厢最大装载量。并以某型车厢为例，利用MATLAB对该数学模型进行分析计算。结果 得到了给定车厢尺寸条件下，弹药包装相关参数随斜装角的变化规律。结论 利用建立的数学模型可确定适合铁路车厢斜装的弹药包装的尺寸系列，为弹药包装的优化设计和高效装载运输提供了理论依据。

The work aims to optimize the design of ammunition packaging size, so as to improve the efficiency of loading and transportation of ultra-long ammunition packaging. With the skewed transportation of ultra-long ammunition packaging by railway as the research object, the mathematical relationship between the geometric size of ammunition packaging container and carriage was analyzed, so as to construct a mathematical model of the maximum length, minimum length and maximum width of ammunition packaging allowed by carriage changing with the skewed angle during skewed transportation. Based on this model, the parameters of packaging container were optimized to realize the maximum loading capacity of railway carriage. With a certain carriage as the example, MATLAB was used to analyze the established model. The change law of ammunition packaging parameters with skewed installation angle under the condition of a given carriage size was obtained. The established mathematical model can be used to determine the size series of ammunition packaging suitable for skewed transportation by railway carriage, which provides a theoretical basis for the optimal design of ammunition packaging and efficient loading and transportation.