目的 构建一次性纸杯物证分类新方法。方法 利用X射线荧光光谱法(X-ray fluorescence spectrometry，XRF)对31个不同公司的一次性纸杯样品进行检验，并利用因子分析法确定光谱数据的2个主因子，2个主因子包含原始光谱数据79.209%的信息;利用2个主因子分别建立4个因子分析模型和因子得分函数，计算因子得分，用因子得分代替原始数据进行系统聚类;最后利用Fisher判别分析验证聚类结果的准确性和合理性，并利用定性半定量分析法进一步将一次性纸杯样品进行分类。结果 将31个一次性纸杯样品分成3类时，同一公司的一次性纸杯样品聚为一类，样品的区分性较好，分类正确率为100%。结论 利用X射线荧光光谱法、因子分析和系统聚类可实现一次性纸杯物证的无损、快速且有效的检验和分类。

The work aims to develop a new method for classifying paper cup evidences. Thirty-one disposable paper cups from different manufacturers were tested through X-ray fluorescence spectrometry. Meanwhile, for spectral data, two main factors containing 79.209% of the information of the original spectral data were determined by factor analysis. Four factor analysis models and factor score functions were established with the two main factors so as to calculate the factor score, and then the original data were replaced by factor scores for systematic clustering. Finally, Fisher's discriminant analysis was performed to verify the accuracy and reasonableness of the clustering results. When 31 disposable paper cup samples were divided into three categories, the disposable paper cup samples of the same company were grouped into one category. The samples had good discrimination, and the classification accuracy was 100%. By means of X-ray fluorescence spectrometry, factor analysis and systematic clustering, the nondestructive, rapid and effective inspections as well as classification of different paper cups can be achieved with accurate and reliable results.