目的 建立皇冠梨生理特性与力学损伤关系模型，实现果实静压过程的模拟研究。方法 通过材料松弛试验和静态压缩试验，研究果实材料力学特性。使用三维扫描方法辅助建立果实有限元模型，并对果实静载损伤过程进行模拟。结果 使用Maxwell黏弹性材料本构模型，成功模拟了果实流变特性。通过静压试验将所建立的梨果实黏弹性材料模型与传统弹塑性材料模型进行对比，误差降低了7%，从而验证了模拟的准确性。根据von Mises等效应力分布结果进行预测，发现在静载力为161.21 N时梨果实会出现明显损伤。结论 以上研究使用2种材料对静态压缩试验进行仿真模拟，进一步验证了使用数值模拟方法对水果静力学过程模拟的可靠性。为皇冠梨果实机械化采摘、储存包装及加工搬运过程提供了理论依据。

The work aims to establish a relationship model between physiological characteristics and mechanical damage of Huangguan pears to simulate the static pressure process of the fruit. The mechanical properties of fruit materials were studied by material relaxation test and static compression test. The three-dimensional scanning method was used to assist in the establishment of the finite element model of the fruit, and the static load damage process of the fruit was simulated. The Maxwell viscoelastic constitutive model was used to successfully simulate the rheological properties of the fruit. By comparing the static pressure test with the traditional elastic-plastic material model, the error was reduced by 7%, which verified the simulation accuracy. According to the results of von Mises equivalent stress distribution, it was found that the pear would be significantly damaged under static load of 161.21 N. In the above studies, two materials are used to simulate the static compression test, which further verifies the reliability of the numerical simulation method to simulate the static process of the fruit. It also provides a theoretical basis for the mechanized picking, storage, packaging and processing of Huangguan pears.