目的 开展无锡市内快递运输车辆的随机振动行为分析和缓冲衬垫损伤的实验室模拟再现，旨在指导包装系统随机振动加速试验，实现包装结构科学设计。方法 实地采集无锡市内中型厢式卡车运输过程中车厢不同位置的激励振动信号与包装系统响应信号;基于实测路谱处理得到实验室等比例加速、分频段加速测试谱;最后以多层瓦楞衬垫为研究对象，分别采用标准谱、等比例加速谱、分频段加速谱进行实验室加速模拟试验，对比实地运输中瓦楞衬垫损伤情况，验证各加速模拟测试方法的损伤等效性。结果 实测路谱与标准谱在形状与量级上均存在差异;基于实测路谱的等比例加速和分频段加速模拟试验衬垫损伤率误差分别为20.2%、10.1%，远小于标准谱加速模拟测试的误差(110.1%);相较于等比例加速试验方法，分频段加速试验试验时间缩短了19 min(29.7%)。结论 验证了基于实测路谱的分频段加速模拟测试的损伤等效性与快速性，该方法对实现防护包装的精准设计具有指导意义。

The work aims to carry out random vibration behavior analysis and laboratory simulation of cushion damage of express transport vehicles in Wuxi, so as to guide the random vibration acceleration test of packaging system and realize the scientific design of packaging structure. Firstly, excitation vibration signals and packaging system response signals from different positions of medium van trucks in Wuxi were collected. The proportional acceleration spectrum and sub-band acceleration spectrum obtained in the laboratory were treated with the measured road spectrum. With multi-layer corrugated gaskets as the research object, standard road spectrum, proportional acceleration spectrum and sub-band acceleration spectrum were used to carry out the laboratory accelerated simulation test. By comparing with the damage of multi-layer corrugated gaskets in the field transportation, the damage equivalence of different acceleration simulation test method was verified. The results showed that there were differences in shape and magnitude between the measured road spectrum and the standard spectrum; the error of damage caused by proportional acceleration and sub-band acceleration simulation experiments was 20.2% and 10.1%, respectively, which was much smaller than that of the standard spectrum acceleration simulation test (110.1%). Compared with the proportional acceleration method, the sub-band acceleration test shortened the experimental time by 19 min (29.7%). The damage equivalence and rapidity of the sub-band accelerated simulation test based on the measured road spectrum are verified. This method is of guiding significance for the accurate design of protective packaging.