目的 考虑到皇冠梨在储运过程中损伤严重，探究跌落冲击及果实本身特性对水果的损伤的影响，为皇冠梨的减损提供理论依据。方法 以河北赵县皇冠梨为研究对象，研究跌落高度、接触材料、果实硬度、曲率半径以及环境温度对皇冠梨冲击损伤的影响，并利用多元线性回归分析方法，建立皇冠梨果实的损伤预测模型(P≤0.05)。结果 跌落高度与损伤面积呈线性相关，皇冠梨分别与钢板和橡胶板冲击时产生临界损伤的跌落高度为30 mm和50 mm，而与本实验选取的EPE板和瓦楞纸板冲击时产生临界损伤的跌落高度为220 mm和340 mm。皇冠梨与EPE板冲击时表现为当跌落高度小于400 mm时，果实曲率半径越小，损伤面积越大;当跌落高度大于400 mm时，较大的曲率半径导致更大的损伤面积，果实硬度越小，冲击时损伤面积越大，环境温度越高，损伤越严重。结论 接触材料种类和果实本身特性对水果冲击损伤有较大影响。依据试验结果建立了损伤预测模型，预测模型可为皇冠梨自动化采摘、分级装备以及贮存、运输包装提供一定的理论指导。

Considering the serious damage of 'Huangguan' pears during storage and transportation, the work aims to provide a theoretical basis for damage reduction of 'Huangguan' pears, and explores the effect of drop impact and fruit characteristics on fruit damage. The effects of drop height, contact material, fruit hardness, curvature radius and ambient temperature on the impact damage of 'Huangguan' pears in Zhaoxian County, Hebei Province were studied. A damage prediction model (P≤0.05) of 'Huangguan' pears was established by multiple linear regression analysis. The results showed that there was a linear correlation between the drop height and the damage area. The drop height of the critical damage caused by the impact of 'Huangguan' pears with steel and rubber was 30 mm and 50 mm, while the drop height of the critical damage caused by the impact of EPE and corrugated paperboard selected in this experiment was 220 mm and 340 mm. When the drop height of impact with the EPE was less than 400 mm, the smaller the curvature radius of the fruit, the larger the damage area; when the drop height was greater than 400 mm, the larger curvature radius leads to a larger damage area. The smaller the fruit hardness, the larger the damage area during impact; the higher the ambient temperature, the more serious the damage. The type of contact material and the characteristics of fruit have great effects on the impact damage of fruit. A damage prediction model is established based on the test results. The prediction model can provide some theoretical guidance for automatic picking, storage transportation and packaging of 'Huangguan' pears.