目的 本文通过对液化天然气铁路罐车的设计及试验验证进行研究，为LNG铁路罐车的应用提供参考。方法 介绍液化天然气铁路罐车的技术参数确定和结构组成，采用CAD、FEM技术对罐车的结构进行设计研究及仿真分析，通过铁路静强度和冲击试验、低温性能测试等手段验证罐车的力学性能和真空绝热指标。结果 液化天然气铁路罐车轴质量为23 t、载质量不超过41 t，在最高运行速度120 km/h时能够安全运行，每天的静态蒸发率(液氮)为0.08%，维持时间(液氮)达到92 d。结论 液化天然气铁路罐车的技术参数及性能指标达到了设计文件和相关标准的要求。

The work aims to study the design and test verification of LNG railway tank car to provide reference for its application. Firstly, the technical parameters and structure composition of LNG railway tank car were introduced. The design, research and simulation analysis of the tank car structure were carried out by CAD and FEM technology, and the mechanical properties and vacuum insulation indexes of the tank car were verified by railway static strength and impact test, low temperature performance test, etc. With axle weight of 23 t and load not more than 41 t, the tank car could run safely at the maximum speed of 120 km/h, the static evaporation rate (liquid nitrogen) was 0.08%/d, and the maintenance time (liquid nitrogen) reached 92 days. The technical parameters and performance indexes of LNG railway tank car have reached the requirements of design documents and related standards.