目的 比较易于获取的天然(毛白杨、水杉)和人工木材(中纤板、刨花板)用于复合运输包装容器设计时在火烧环境下的防热性能。方法 设计由钢质外容器、木材夹层、钢质内容器组成的典型运输容器模拟试验件，开展了平均温度约为800 ℃、持续时间约为30 min的野外油池火烧试验，测试了试验件内外温度及木材炭化情况。结果 4种木材的隔热效果由优到劣依次为毛白杨、中纤板、刨花板、水杉;4种木材在厚度小于120 mm时隔热效果差异较大，厚度达到120 mm及以上时差异减小，并均能在火烧环境下将内部容器的温度保持在100 ℃左右及以下。结论 4种木材中，毛白杨隔热效果最优，中纤板次之，然后是刨花板，最后是水杉。本文研究结果为放射性物品复合运输容器隔热设计提供了参考。

The work aims to compare the thermal insulation of natural (Populus tomentosa, Metasequoia glyptostroboides) and artificial (MDF and particleboard) woods that are easy to obtain and can be used in the design of composite transport packaging containers under fire environment. A typical transport container simulation test piece consisting of a steel outer container, a wood interlayer and a steel inner container was designed. The field oil pool fire test with an average temperature of about 800 ℃ and duration of about 30 min was carried out. The temperature inside and outside the test piece and the wood carbonization were tested. The thermal insulation effects of the four kinds of wood were:Populus tomentosa, MDF, particleboard, metasequoia glyptostroboides from superior to inferior. When the thickness of the four kinds of wood was less than 120 mm, the difference of thermal insulation effect was large, and when the thickness reached 120 mm or more, the difference was reduced, and all of them could keep the temperature of the inner container at about 100 ℃ or below under the fire environment. Among the four kinds of wood, Populus tomentosa has the best thermal insulation effect, followed by MDF, particleboard, and finally Metasequoia glyptostroboides. The results of this study provide a reference for the thermal insulation design of radioactive composite transport containers.