目的 从增强稀土离子发光的角度考察上转换发光调控及性能，综述稀土发光材料在光学防伪领域的应用，以期为上转换材料与包装材料的功能化研究提供参考。方法 检索近几年文献，介绍上转换发光纳米材料的发光机理、发光性能及调控、光学材料打印技术的研究进展。结果 稀土掺杂的上转换发光纳米材料表现出优异的发光性能，但随着粒径减小，纳米颗粒出现发光效率、量子产量低的问题。利用纳米颗粒表面钝化、表面等离子体耦合、与有机配体结合和外场调节等手段，可以使发光材料的发光效能显著增强。利用喷墨打印、丝网印刷、纳米压印光刻和气溶胶喷印等技术，可以使稀土掺杂的上转换发光纳米材料被打印成多样的防伪图案，在光学防伪、信息存储与标记等领域具有重大应用潜力，有望成为新型功能包装材料。结论 在光学材料合成技术、光学调控和打印技术的共同推动下，稀土掺杂上转换发光纳米材料因其特殊的光学特性，有望为功能化包装防伪技术作出贡献。

The work aims to investigate the regulation and performance of rare earth upconversion luminescence from the perspective of enhancing luminescence intensity, and review the anti-counterfeiting applications of rare earth luminescent materials, so as to provide reference for the functionalization of upconversion and packaging materials. Relevant literature in recent years was reviewed to introduce the luminescence mechanism, luminescence performance and regulation of upconversion nanoparticles and the research progress of printing technology of optical materials. Rare earth luminescent materials exhibited satisfactory luminescent properties. However, with the reduction of particle size, nanoparticles had problems of low luminous efficiency and quantum yield. The luminous efficiency of luminescent materials could be significantly enhanced by means of surface passivation of nanoparticles, surface plasma coupling, combination with organic complexes and external field adjustment. These materials could be printed into various anti-counterfeiting patterns by inkjet printing, screen printing, nano-imprint lithography and aerosol spray printing technology, which made them have great potential in optical anti-counterfeiting, information storage and marking, thus become promising functional packaging materials. Driven by optical material synthesis technology, optical regulation and printing technology, rare earth doped upconversion luminescent nanomaterials are expected to contribute to the functional packaging and anti-counterfeiting due to their special optical characteristics.