目的 以可再生的生物质作为碳源，通过添加氯化钠作为活化剂，制备一种具有优良性能的吸波材料。方法 用一步热解法制备磁性碳基复合吸波材料，用X射线衍射仪（XRD）、扫描电镜（SEM）、氮吸附比表面与孔径分布仪（BET）、超导量子干涉仪（SQUID）等对其物相、形貌、磁性能等进行表征，用矢量网络分析仪（VNA）测试其电磁参数。结果 不同组分的复合材料均具有宽频的微波吸收性能，表现出对生物质用量一定范围内的不敏感特性。生物质用量分别为0.8、1.0、1.5和2.0 g时，制备的不同磁性生物质碳复合材料在填充量（质量分数）为30%时，有效吸收带宽分别达到5.7、6.2、5.8和5.9 GHz。结论 吸波性能对生物质用量一定范围内的不敏感特性，可以避免生物质由于产地、季节等的不同对吸波性能造成影响，同时也有利于制备工艺的实际操作，提高了吸波性能实验结果的稳定性。

The work aims to prepare a magnetic carbon-based composite with broadband microwave absorption properties by using biomass as carbon and adding sodium chloride as active agent. Magnetic carbon-based microwave absorption composite was successfully prepared by one-step pyrolysis method, and its phase, morphology and magnetic property were characterized by XRD, SEM, BET and SQUID. Then, the electromagnetic parameters were tested by VNA. The composites with different components all had broadband microwave absorption properties, and the microwave absorption properties were insensitive to the dosage of biomass in a certain range. When the dosages of biomass were 0.8, 1.0, 1.5 and 2.0 g, the different magnetic biomass carbon-based composites showed the effective absorption bandwidth (EABW) of 5.7, 6.2, 5.8 and 5.9 GHz under 30 wt.% filler loading. The insensitivity of microwave absorption properties to dosages of biomass can avoid the impact of biomass on the microwave absorption properties due to its different origins and growth cycles. In addition, it is beneficial to practical operation of preparation process, and improves the stability of the microwave absorption properties.