目的 分析苹果在运输包装环境中的抗冲击性能，并优化苹果–EPS泡沫缓冲包装设计。方法 以80 mm果径洛川富士苹果为研究对象，通过万能压缩试验机对苹果进行压缩试验，得到应力–应变曲线。通过ABAQUS/Explicit建立苹果运输包装系统有限元模型，并进行有限元仿真分析，其中发泡聚苯乙烯有限元模型采用Crushable Foam模型，苹果采用线弹性力学模型。模拟苹果在沿轴竖直摆放和沿轴水平摆放2种摆放方式下跌落时的冲击响应，并分析不同厚度、密度为28 kg/m³的EPS泡沫的缓冲效果。结果 得出苹果的弹性模量为2.44 MPa、屈服极限为0.38 MPa。通过模拟仿真分析可得出，EPS泡沫能有效减缓运输过程中冲击对苹果的损伤，并以此为基础得到了针对该包装系统的缓冲设计。结论 通过与龙格–库塔数值分析法的对比可以得出，本研究以试验为基础，结合仿真分析能为相关果蔬运输提供数据支持和参考。

The work aims to analyze the impact resistance of apple in transportation packaging environment and optimize the design of apple-EPS foam cushion packaging. The stress-strain curve of apple was obtained by compression test on universal compression tester. Finite element model of apple transportation packaging system was established by ABAQUS/Explicit and analyzed by finite element simulation. Crushable Foam model was used for foamed polystyrene finite element model and linear elasticity model was used for apple. The impact response of apple falling down in vertical and horizontal layouts along the axis was simulated, and the cushioning effect of EPS foam with different thicknesses was analyzed. The elastic modulus of the apple was 2.44 MPa and the yield limit was 0.38 MPa. The simulation analysis showed that EPS foam could effectively reduce the impact damage to the apple during transportation, and under the same conditions, the horizontal layout of the apple along the axis was more reasonable. By comparison to the numerical analysis method, it can be concluded that the research can provide data support and reference for related fruit and vegetable transportation based on experiment and finite element analysis.