目的 高昂的生产成本制约着绿色包装材料聚羟基脂肪酸酯(Polyhydroxyalkanoates, PHAs)的发展，通过对其生物合成过程中的碳源底物、影响因素的研究，实现其低成本、高效率合成以及规模化应用。方法 归纳分析现阶段国内外PHAs的研究现状和成果，介绍合成PHAs的碳源底物、微生物培养方式以及在合成阶段溶解氧(DO)、pH值、碳氮比等因素对PHAs合成效率的影响。结论 廉价的生物质资源、合理的碳氮比、多批次好氧/厌氧培养、较低的溶解氧浓度、中性或碱性培养环境已经成为提高PHAs产量、降低PHAs生产成本的重要手段。随着生产工艺的不断优化，绿色生物塑料PHAs的规模化生产及其广泛应用必将推动包装材料向绿色化、安全化方向发展。

The work aims to realize low-cost and high-efficiency synthesis and large-scale application of polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) as green packaging material by studying the carbon source substrate and affecting factors in its biosynthesis process in view of that its development is constrained by high production cost. The current research status and achievements of PHAs in China and abroad were summarized and analyzed. Besides, the carbon source substrate, microbial culture mode, as well as the effects of dissolved oxygen (DO), pH value, carbon nitrogen ratio on the synthesis efficiency of PHAs were introduced. Cheap biomass resources, reasonable carbon nitrogen ratio, multi batch aerobic-anaerobic culture, low dissolved oxygen concentration, neutral or alkaline culture environment have become important approaches to promote the accumulation of PHAs and reduce the production cost of PHAs. With the continuous optimization of the production process, the large-scale production and wide application of green bioplastics PHAs will drive the development of packaging materials in the direction of greening and safety.