目的 研究物流运输中采用不同缓冲材料的堆码包装件的振动特性。方法 以缓冲材料聚乙烯泡沫(EPE)和聚苯乙烯泡沫(EPS)为研究对象，采用三维建模软件SoildWorks和有限元仿真软件Workbench建立有限元模型进行模态与谐响应分析，结合扫频振动试验和随机振动试验对各层堆码件的振动响应特性进行分析。结果 2类包装件共振频率处的第一激励能量都大于第二激励能量，振动幅值随层数增加而升高。EPE包装件第一和第二共振频率的激励能量占比分别为35.7%和3%，EPS包装件第一和第二共振频率的激励能量占比分别为26.8%和16.8%。EPE包装件共振区域主要分布于15～40 Hz，而EPS包装件共振频率区域分布于15～40 Hz和60～80 Hz。三层堆码件的中上层包装件受第一共振频率控制，EPS材料的底层包装件受多个共振频率影响，EPE材料的底层包装件受到第二共振频率控制。结论 经过循环载荷作用后的EPE的吸振缓冲性能优于EPS的。通过试验与有限元仿真数据绘制了相应的防振性能曲线，同时验证了有限元仿真的可靠性。这为堆码产品选择不同缓冲材料组合提供了的理论指导。

The work aims to study the vibration characteristics of stacking packages with different buffer materials in logistics transportation. Buffer materials EPE and EPS were used as research objects. Three-dimensional modeling software SoildWorks and finite element simulation software Workbench were used to establish the finite element model for modal and harmonic response analysis. The vibration response characteristics of each stacking part were analyzed by the combination of sweep vibration experiment and random vibration experiment. The first excitation energy at the resonant frequency of both packages was greater than the second excitation energy. The amplitude of vibration increased with the increase of the number of layers. The excitation energy of the first and second resonance frequencies of EPE packaging accounted for 35.7% and 3%, while the excitation energy of the first and second resonance frequencies of EPS packaging accounted for 26.8% and 16.8%. The resonance region of EPE packaging was mainly distributed in 15-40 Hz, while the resonance frequency region of EPS packaging was distributed in 15-40 Hz and 60-80 Hz. The middle and upper packaging was controlled by the first resonance frequency, the bottom packaging of EPS material was affected by multiple resonance frequencies. And the bottom packaging of EPE material was controlled by the second resonance frequency. The vibration absorbing and buffering performance of EPE under cyclic loading is better than that of EPS. The corresponding anti-vibration performance curve is drawn by comparing the experimental data with the finite element simulation data, and the reliability of the finite element simulation is verified. It provides theoretical guidance for selection of different buffer material combinations for stacking products.