目的 探究聚乙烯醇(PVA)基发泡材料的缓冲包装性能，为PVA基发泡材料应用于易渗出水溶性液体的产品包装提供一定的理论依据和实践经验。方法 采用化学发泡法制备不同发泡倍率的PVA基发泡材料，研究其微观结构、吸水性能和不同条件下的缓冲性能。结果 不同发泡倍率下，5种密度PVA基发泡材料均具有良好的吸水性和保水性，且吸水率越高，保水性越差。在干燥状态下，材料的质地较硬，且其缓冲性能随着发泡倍率的增大而减小，材料吸水后变得柔软且富有弹性，当吸水率达到58.0%后，材料的缓冲性能则急剧下降。结论 经综合比较，密度为0.146 g/cm³ 的PVA基发泡材料具有良好的吸水性能、保水性能和缓冲性能，在材料的吸水率低于58.0%时，可满足易渗液体容器的锁水和缓冲包装需求。

The work aims to explore the cushioning packaging properties of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) based foam, and provide a theoretical basis and practical experience for the application of PVA-based foam in packaging of products with porous water soluble liquids. The microscopic properties, water absorption and cushioning properties of PVA-based foams made by chemical foaming with different foaming rates were investigated. The PVA-based foams with five densities and different forming rates had good water absorption and water retention. The higher the water absorption rate, the worse the water retention rate. In the dry state, the material was hard and the cushioning properties decreased with the increase of the foaming rate. However, it became soft and elastic after absorbing water. When the water absorption rate reached 58.0%, the cushioning property of the material decreased sharply.By comprehensive comparison, the PVA-based foam with the density of 0.146 g/cm3 has good water absorption, water retention and cushioning properties. When its water absorption rate is lower than 58.0%, it can meet the need of water-locking and cushioning packaging for porous liquid containers.