目的 综述静电纺丝的发展和原理，控释材料和控释体系，以及静电纺丝控释材料(Electrospinning controlled-release material，ECM)在药物缓释和抗菌方面的应用，旨在为ECM的相关研究提供理论参考和研究思路。方法 通过对国内外研究成果的分析和总结，介绍ECM通过环境pH调节、羧基修饰纳米纤维、光响应、纳米纤维膜厚度、纤维表面孔隙等因素进行控制释放的应用。结果 分析表明，ECM可以应用于药物缓释和抗菌方面，可以实现药物在特定条件下的响应和释放，让药物有合适的释放周期。此外，还可以对各类抗菌剂实现控释，达到长效杀菌、延长货架期的目的。结论 研究ECM(药物缓释用)，能够实现药物的可控释放，保证药效的持久性，提升治疗效果。研究ECM(缓释抗菌用)可以获得更长效的抗菌效果，提高食品和药品的卫生安全性。ECM在药物缓释和抗菌方面具有很大的发展前景。

The work aims to review the development and principle of electrospinning, controlled-release materials and systems, as well as the application of electrospinning controlled-release materials (ECM) in drug sustained-release and antibacterial aspects to provide theoretical reference and research ideas for ECM related research. Based on the analysis and summary of the research results at home and abroad, the application of ECM to control release by environmental pH regulation, carboxyl modified nanofibers, light response, nanofiber film thickness, fiber surface pore size and other factors was introduced. The analysis showed that ECM could be used in slow release and antibacterial aspects of drugs, and could realize the response and release of drugs under specific conditions, so that drugs had a suitable release cycle. In addition, it could also control the release of all kinds of antibacterial agents to achieve long-term sterilization and prolong the shelf life. Research on ECM (for sustained release of drugs) can realize controlled release of drugs, ensure the durability of drug efficacy and improve the therapeutic effect. Research on ECM (for sustained-release antibacterial) can obtain longer antibacterial effect and improve the health and safety of food and drugs. ECM has great development prospects in drug sustained-release and antibacterial fields.