目的 以某周转铝箱作为研究对象，通过有限元分析方法和正交试验设计对周转铝箱进行轻量化设计，以解决结构强度设计过剩的问题。方法 利用有限元分析软件Ansys Workbench对周转铝箱进行堆码工况的仿真分析，通过2个失效准则对分析结果进行评价，基于正交试验设计优化方案，通过Matlab软件对优化方案进行数学模型的建立及计算。结果 通过仿真分析，第1阶模态载荷因子为6.98，基于失效准则，周转铝箱的安全余量较大。根据极差分析，以箱体自身质量为唯一指标，确定了周转铝箱箱体侧柱厚度尺寸对箱体自身质量的影响最大，继而通过Matlab进行数学模型的建立以及计算，轻量化方案在满足工况使用条件的同时箱体的自身质量减少了9.88%。结论 轻量化设计后的周转铝箱符合强度失效和稳定失效2个准则，且满足实际工况使用条件，进一步说明采用正交试验法和有限元分析法进行轻量化设计的方案是可行的，实现了成本的减少，也提高了材料的利用率。

The work aims to take aluminum turnover boxes as research objects to conduct lightweight design of aluminum turnover boxes through finite element analysis and orthogonal experimental design to solve the problem of excess structural strength design. The stacking condition of aluminum turnover boxes was simulated and analyzed with the finite element analysis software Ansys Workbench. The findings were assessed with two failure criteria. The optimization scheme was designed based on orthogonal test. The mathematical model of the optimization scheme was built and calculated with Matlab. According to the simulation analysis, the first-order modal load factor was 6.98. The aluminum turnover box had a substantial safety margin based on the failure criterion. According to the range analysis, with self-weight of the box as the only indicator, it was determined that the thickness of the side column of the aluminum turnover box had the biggest effects on the self-weight of the box. Then, according to the mathematical model of the optimization scheme built and calculated with Matlab, the lightweight scheme decreased the self-weight by 9.88% at the mean time of meeting the working conditions. The aluminum turnover boxes of lightweight design meet the two criteria of strength failure and stable failure, as well as the actual operating conditions. It also demonstrates that the scheme of utilizing the orthogonal test approach and finite element analysis for lightweight design is feasible. It decreases the costs and increases the utilization rate of materials.