目的 半结晶性聚乳酸(PLA)因透明性好、力学性能优异、能生物降解等优点，在加工领域表现出适用范围广等特性，因此对PLA基复合材料在3D打印技术中的研究应用及最新进展状况进行总结，以期提供借鉴与参考。方法 以熔融沉积成型(FDM)、PLA基体为主线，在查阅近年中外文献基础上，分别从PLA结构性能、3D打印成型工艺、PLA基复合材料改性等方面进行了探讨，着重分析工艺参数的技术优化，以及复合材料的结构改性最新研究进展。结果 FDM制备PLA基复合材料的研究取得了丰硕的成果，在3D打印行业中表现优异，潜力巨大，商品化程度越来越高。结论 低廉、高效、可定制的3D打印受到国内外科研工作者广泛关注与青睐，随着新技术的不断探索和突破，以及纳米材质和新型聚合物材料等新型材质应用，使3D打印在成型加工技术上占据绝对优势。

Due to the advantages of good transparency, excellent mechanical properties, biodegradation,etc., semi-crystalline polylactic acid (PLA) shows a wide range of application and other characteristics during processing. Therefore, the work aims to summarize the research and application and latest progress of PLA-based composites in 3D printing technology to provide reference. Focusing on fused deposition molding (FDM) and PLA matrix and based on reviewing recent literature at home and broad, the structure property of PLA, 3D printing process, modification of PLA matrix composites and other aspects were discussed, with emphasis on the technical optimization of process parameters and the latest research progress of structural modification of composites. Research on preparation of PLA-based composites by FDM has achieved fruitful results, showing excellent performance in the 3D printing industry with great potential and increasing commercialization degree. Cheap, efficient and customizable 3D printing is widely concerned and favored by researchers at home and abroad. With the continuous exploration and breakthrough of new technologies, and the application of new materials such as nano-materials and new polymer materials, 3D printing will have absolute advantages in molding technology.