目的 从利用生物质资源制备环保型聚氨酯树脂的角度揭示聚氨酯的结构调控机制及性能影响因素，为植物油基聚氨酯及其印刷包装材料提供多种有效的制备途径，为印刷包装材料提供丰富的原料。方法 通过对比不同种类的植物油制备不同聚氨酯原料，综述包括蓖麻油、大豆油、葵花籽油、亚麻子油等油脂，以及木质素、腰果酚等制备生物质基多元醇、异氰酸酯作为扩链剂的二元醇原料。结果 详细讨论了生物质转化为活性原料用于合成环保型聚氨酯，并介绍了主要的机理和方法，认为环氧开环法仍是植物油转化为多元醇的主要途径。结论 利用生物质资源及其废弃物制备环保型聚氨酯是未来绿色聚氨酯类产品的最有效途径，在绿色化学和纳米科技的推动下，植物油基的绿色、高性能的环保型聚氨酯能成为印刷油墨、包装胶黏剂及涂层的关键原料，具有广阔的应用前景。

The work aims to reveal the structural regulation mechanism and affecting factors of polyurethane from the perspective of preparing environmental-friendly polyurethane resin with biomass resources, so as to provide a variety of effective preparation methods for vegetable oil-based polyurethane and its printing and packaging materials and abundant raw materials for printing and packaging materials. Different raw materials of polyurethane were prepared by different kinds of vegetable oil. The oil such as castor oil, soybean oil, sunflower oil, linseed oil and lignin, cardanol, etc. were used to prepare biomass-based polyols, isocyanates, and diol raw materials as chain extenders. The conversion of biomass into active raw materials for the synthesis of environmental-friendly polyurethane was reviewed in depth and the major mechanism and approach were also introduced. It was considered that the epoxy ring-opening method was still the most common way to convert polyols from vegetable oil. The use of biomass resources and its waste to produce environmental-friendly polyurethane is the most effective way to prepare green polyurethane products in the future. Driven by green chemistry and nanotechnology, vegetable oil-based green and high-performance environmental-friendly polyurethane can become the key raw materials of printing ink, packaging adhesive, and coating, and has vast application potential.