目的 解决天然抗菌剂精油封装到聚合物中的受控释放问题。方法 选用聚乙烯醇和纳米纤维素为主体材料，采用百里香精油为活性物质，通过静电纺丝技术制备纳米纤维。结果 采用质量比为3∶4的纳米纤维素水凝胶(质量分数1%)和聚乙烯醇水溶液(质量分数6%)，并加入质量分数为4%~10%的百里香精油制备纺丝液，在纺丝电压为16 kV、纺丝速率为0.8 mL/h、纺丝距离为11 cm、针头直径为0.7 mm的条件下制备了直径为100~150 nm的纳米纤维，并成功将百里香精油包埋在纳米纤维中。结论 所制备的纳米纤维可以达到百里香精油缓慢释放的效果，对大肠杆菌、金黄葡萄球菌、黑曲霉和橘青霉均有抑制作用。

The work aims to solve the problem of controlled release of essential oil encapsulated in polymer as a natural antibacterial agent. With polyvinyl alcohol and nanoscale cellulose as the main materials and thyme essential oil as active material, nanofibers were prepared by electrospinning technology. 1wt.% nanofibers hydrogel and 6wt.% polyvinyl alcohol with mass ratio of 3∶4 were added to thyme essential oil of 4wt.%-10wt.% to prepare spinning solution. The nanofibers with a diameter of 100-150 nm were prepared at a mass fraction of 16 kV, a spinning speed of 0.8 mL/h, a spinning distance of 11 cm, and a needle diameter of 0.7 mm. The thyme essential oil was successfully embedded in the nanofibers. The results show that the prepared nanofibers can achieve the effect of slow release of thyme essential oil, and has inhibitory effects on Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Aspergillus niger and Penicillium tangerine.