目的 对南荻生态包装箱和传统木质胶合板包装箱的全生命周期进行环境影响比较分析，探索前者对后者的生态替代性。方法 文中基于生命周期评价(Life Cycle Assessment, LCA)，使用ReCiPe 2016方法对2种包装箱的18种环境影响类型展开全生命周期的LCA研究。结果 南荻生态包装箱全生命周期环境影响单一分值为3.08 Pt，包装箱生产、运输和废弃物处置阶段占比分别为68%、8%、24%;传统木质胶合板包装箱全生命周期环境影响单一分值为3.61 Pt，包装箱生产、运输和废弃物处置阶段占比分别为75%、6%、19%;前者较之后者每功能单位减少14.7%的环境影响。结论 结果表明南荻生态包装箱整体环境表现优于传统木质胶合板包装箱，南荻刨花板用量的减少带来的环境效益最大，循环利用包装箱及其生物质，以及改进包装箱尺寸设计也是减少化石资源消耗的可能途径。在洞庭湖造纸业全面退出情境下，研究为决策者在技术和环境层面选择南荻的利用方式提供了依据。

The work aims to compare and analyze the environmental impact of the Miscanthus lutarioriparius-based packaging box and the wooden plywood packaging box in their whole life cycles and explore the ecological sustainability of the former to the latter. ReCiPe 2016 Midpoint (H) and ReCiPe 2016 Endpoint (H) were employed in 18 environmental impact categories based on life cycle assessment (LCA). The single score of environmental impact in the whole life cycle of Miscanthus lutarioriparius-based packaging boxes was 3.08 Pt, and the production, transportation and waste disposal stages of which accounted for 68%, 8% and 24%, respectively. The single score of that of traditional wooden plywood packaging boxes was 3.61 Pt, and the production, transportation and waste disposal stages of which accounted for 75%, 6% and 19%, respectively.. Compared with the latter, the environmental impact of the former was reduced by 14.7% per functional unit. The results show that the overall performance of the Miscanthus lutarioriparius-based packaging box is better than that of the traditional wooden plywood packaging box. It is found that the reduction of the consumption of Miscanthus lutarioriparius-based particleboard could bring the greatest environmental benefit. The cyclic utilization of the boxes and the separated biomass and the improvement of the design of packaging boxes are also ways to reduce the consumption of fossil resources. In the context of the withdrawal of the paper industry around Lake Dongting, this study provides technological and environmental evidence for decision makers to choose the way of utilization of Miscanthus lutarioriparius.