目的 针对在球体斜碰撞过程中，包装材料界面能量变化及其量化表征的问题，基于碰撞接触面的几何特征，提出外加能量吸收率、传递率和转换率的计算模型。方法 首先，分析球体斜碰撞接触面的几何特征，利用基圆和滑移面面积建立能量吸收率、传递率，以及不同方向能量比率的数学表达式。然后，通过搭建球体自由跌落斜碰撞测试平台，分析冲击角、衬垫厚度、跌落高度、球体直径和材料密度对能量参量的影响。结果 通过碰撞接触面积计算能量吸收率和转换率，遵循了能量守恒定律，具有可行性;能量吸收率在75%以上，并随着跌落高度、球体直径和密度增加而变大，而冲击角对能量吸收率的影响较小;法向能量比率随着冲击角增加、球体直径减小而下降，切向能量比率与此相反，跌落高度和密度对能量比率无明显影响;在给定工况下，衬垫的最佳吸能厚度为4 mm。结论 文中的分析有助于包装材料碰撞界面处能量变化以及接触特性的研究。

The work aims to propose a calculation model of energy rate of absorption, transfer and conversion based on the geometrical characteristics of impact contact surface to solve the problems of energy changes of packing materials at interface and their quantitative characterization during sphere oblique impact. Firstly, the geometrical characteristics of contact surface of sphere oblique impact was analyzed, and the computation formula of the absorption rate, transfer rate and energy ratios at different directions was proposed through the areas of base circle and slip surface. Subsequently, the test device of oblique impact of sphere free falling was built. Then, the effects of the impact angle, cushion thickness, drop height, sphere diameter and material density on the energy parameters were analyzed. It was feasible to calculate the energy absorption rate and conversion rate by impact contact area, following the law of conservation of energy. The energy absorption rate was nearly above 75%, becoming greater with increasing drop height, sphere diameter and material density, while the effect of impact angle was slight. The normal rate of energy conversion decreased with the increasing impact angle and the decreasing sphere diameter, but the tangential energy ratio was opposite, and the falling height and density had no obvious effect on the energy ratio. Under given working conditions, the optimum energy absorption thickness of the cushion was 4 mm. This analysis can be conducive to studying the energy change and contact characteristics at the interface of packing materials.