目的 纤维素基轻质多孔材料具有质轻、孔隙率高、成本低等优点，被广泛应用于吸附、催化、隔热等领域，但易燃、耐水性差等缺点限制了它的应用范围。通过复合改性可以改善上述缺点，并赋予其新的特性，因此需要充分了解功能化改性方法和复合轻质多孔材料的广泛应用。方法 通过追踪国内外纤维素基轻质多孔材料的功能化改性研究和应用进展，概述纤维素基轻质多孔材料的基本性质和性能，重点分析纤维素基复合轻质多孔材料的功能化改性方法和应用，详细介绍纤维素基复合轻质多孔材料在众多领域的应用。结论 将有机或无机材料与纤维素进行复合制成轻质多孔材料，可以实现阻燃、吸附、电磁屏蔽、导电、疏水、抗菌等功能，拓宽了纤维素基轻质多孔材料在包装、医用、电池等领域的应用范围。

Cellulose-based lightweight porous material has the advantages of light weight, high porosity, and low cost. So they are widely used in adsorption, catalysis, heat insulation and other fields. However, problems such as flammability and poor water resistance limit its scope of application. Compound modification can improve the above shortcomings and give it new characteristics. Therefore, it is necessary to fully understand the functional modification method and the wide application of lightweight porous composite materials. In this paper, by tracking the research and application progress of functional modification of cellulose-based lightweight porous materials at home and abroad, the basic properties and performance of cellulose-based lightweight porous materials are summarized, and the functions of cellulose-based composite lightweight porous materials are analyzed. Chemical modification methods and applications, the opportunities and challenges of cellulose-based composite lightweight porous materials in many fields are introduced in detail. The organic or inorganic materials are combined with cellulose to make lightweight porous materials. These materials can achieve flame retardant, absorption, electromagnetic shielding, electrical conductivity, hydrophobic, antibacterial and other functions, which can broaden the application range of cellulose-based lightweight porous materials in packaging, medical, battery and other fields.