目的 厘清快递包装废弃物回收利益主体间的博弈关系与演化路径，解决快递包装回收率普遍较低的问题。方法 在信息不对称和有限理性的条件下，构建政府、回收商和消费者三群体间快递包装回收行为演化博弈模型。分析群体间稳定策略组合的实现条件，运用Matlab软件进行数值仿真，探究不同参数变化对三方演化路径的影响。结果 政府的奖惩力度、激励成本、收益大小是影响博弈三主体策略选择和演化稳定路径走向的关键因素。同时回收商和消费者的参与比例对政府行为选择有显著作用。结论 参与主体得益是影响其行为的关键，政府通过积极鼓励、支持和宣传，同时设立科学合理的奖惩激励政策能够明显提高快递包装回收率。

The paper aims to clarify the game relationship and evolution path among the stakeholders of express packaging waste recycling and solve the problem that the recovery rate of express packaging is generally low. Under the conditions of information asymmetry and bounded rationality, an evolutionary game model among the three groups of government, recyclers and consumers was constructed. The article analyzed the realization conditions of the stable strategy combination between groups, used Matlab software to carry out numerical simulation, and explored the influence of different parameter changes on the tripartite evolution path. The results of the research show that the government's rewards and punishments, incentive costs and benefits are the key factors that affect the evolution and stability of the path. The benefits of participants are the key to influencing their behavior. The government can significantly improve the recovery rate of express packaging by actively encouraging, supporting, guiding and setting up scientific and reasonable reward and punishment incentive policies.