目的 降低冷链物流配送成本的同时，保证客户体验及碳排放达到企业要求。方法 综合考虑运输距离、客户软时间窗约束、碳排放、生鲜变质等因素，以制冷成本及对配送时间惩罚成本在内的总成本最低、碳排放量最低、生鲜产品新鲜度最高为目标，建立多目标生鲜配送路径优化模型，并设计模拟退火算法，以北京某冷链物流企业为例进行求解验证。结果 得出生鲜配送方案，通过配送模式对比表明多中心半开放式在降本和缩短路径长度方面更具优势，其中运输总费用和车辆行驶总距离相比于单中心独立配送模式分别降低了8.41%和36.36%。结论 需求不确定下，合理决策路由可在达到企业对生鲜产品新鲜度及碳排放标准的同时，有效降低配送成本。

The work aims to reduce the cost of cold-chain logistics distribution, while ensuring that customer experience and carbon emissions meet enterprise requirements. In the overall consideration of the transportation distance, customer soft time window constraints, carbon emissions, fresh deterioration and other factors, a multi-objective fresh distribution routing optimization model was established with the lowest total cost, including refrigeration cost and penalty cost for delivery time, the lowest carbon emissions and the highest freshness of fresh products as the objectives, and a simulated annealing algorithm was designed to verify the solution with a cold-chain logistics enterprise in Beijing as an example. The fresh product distribution scheme was obtained. According to the comparison of distribution modes, the multi-center semi-open distribution mode had more advantages in reducing cost and shortening routing length, in which the total transportation cost and the total distance traveled by vehicles were reduced by 8.41% and 36.36% respectively compared with single-center independent distribution mode. Under uncertain demand, reasonable decision-making routing can effectively reduce the distribution cost while meeting the freshness and carbon emission standards of fresh products.