目的 进一步科学评价吸能材料缓冲性能，以促进吸能材料的研究与推广应用。方法在对常见吸能材料进行分类的基础上，全面调查吸能材料缓冲性能测试方法，系统分析缓冲性能数据表征及处理方法。结果 缓冲性能测试方法主要借助压缩试验与冲击试验2类，其中压缩试验又可分为静态压缩试验与动态压缩试验;缓冲性能数据表征及处理方法主要有缓冲曲线法、能量吸收率曲线法、能量吸收图法、Janssen因子法与Rusch曲线法5种类型。能量吸收图法因能够同时汇集不同密度、应变率条件下材料吸能特性与缓冲效果，反映材料最佳吸能点，在使用过程中更具广泛性。结论 推荐采用能量吸收图来表征吸能材料的缓冲吸能特性。

The work aims to further evaluate the buffer performance of energy absorbing materials scientifically and promote the research and application of energy absorbing materials. Based on the classification of common energy absorbing materials, the buffer performance test methods of energy absorbing materials were comprehensively investigated, and the data characterization and processing methods of buffer performance were systematically analyzed. The testing methods of buffer performance mainly relied on compression test and impact test, and the compression test can be divided into static compression test and dynamic compression test. There were five methods to characterize and process buffer performance data:buffer curve method, energy absorption curve method, energy absorption diagram method, Janssen factor method and Rusch curve method. Among them, the energy absorption diagram method can simultaneously collect the energy absorption characteristics and buffering effect of materials under different density and strain rate conditions, reflecting the best energy absorption point of materials. It was more extensive in use. It is recommended to adopt energy absorption diagram to characterize the buffer energy absorption characteristics of energy absorbing materials.