目的 针对高精密轴承缓冲包装垫的缓冲能力不足问题，提出一种新型仿生蛛网结构缓冲垫。 方法 根据自然界中片状蛛网的形态，确定蛛网结构缓冲垫构型，依据缓冲垫的结构及其径向丝、捕丝等参数之间的关系，建立力学模型和目标优化模型，分析在有限元仿真环境中3种跌落高度下轴承与蛛网结构缓冲垫的应力云图。制作蛛网结构缓冲模具并进行浇铸，完成轴承的跌落试验。结果 对跌落试验的数据进行分析处理，可以得到在381、610 mm跌落高度下，轴承所受最大应力并未超出其材料的屈服强度。有蛛网结构缓冲垫比没有蛛网结构缓冲垫时轴承所受的冲击加速度分别下降了86%和78%。结论 试验结果可与有限元仿真分析互相验证，为高精密轴承运输跌落过程中的防护提供技术支撑。

The work aims to propose a new type of cushion with bionic cobweb structure to solve the insufficient cushioning capacity of high precision bearing package cushion. According to the morphology of the flake cobweb in nature, the configuration of the buffer cushion of the cobweb structure was determined. According to the relationship between the structure of the cushion and the parameters such as the radial thread and the spiral thread, the mechanical model and the objective optimization model were established. The stress nephogram of the bearing and cobweb cushion under three drop heights in the finite element simulation environment was analyzed. The cobweb cushion mould was made and cast and the drop test of the bearing was completed. By analyzing and processing the data of the drop test, it can be obtained that the maximum stress of the bearing did not exceed the yield strength of the material. The impact acceleration of the bearing with cobweb cushion decreased by 86% and 78% respectively compared with that without the cobweb cushion at the drop height of 381 mm and 610 mm. It can be verified with the finite element simulation analysis. The research can provide technical support for the protection of high precision bearing in transportation drop.